음식 윤리와 종교적 관점
Food Ethics and Religious Perspectives
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초록
‘먹을거리’의 선택과 ‘먹는 행위’의 책임은 개인과 사회 나아가 국가 그리고 생태 문제에 영향을 미친다. 음식은 생명의 보존을 위하여 언제, 어디서, 어떻게, 무엇을, 왜 먹는지에 따라서 개인과 공동체의 운명을 좌우하며, 음식에 대한 태도는 윤리적인 사안과 직결된다. 김석신에 따르면 한국 학계에서 음식 윤리에 대한 관심은 2105년에 들어서 구체적인 관심을 보였다고 설명한다. 그동안 국내 학계에서의 ‘음식’이나 ‘먹거리’ 에 관한 학술논문을 보면 비교종교학적 차원에서 종교별로 다룬 소수의 논문이 눈에 띄지만 윤리적 관점에서 다룬 논문은 없다. 필자는 본 논문에서 우리 학계보다 앞서는 서구권의 음식 윤리를 정리하고, 이어서 각 종교적 관점에서 보는 음식 윤리의 핵심을 살펴보도 록 하겠다. 이를 통하여 단순히 먹거리에 대한 관심의 차원을 넘어서 음식의 생산과 소비 방식, 음식 문화의 규범과 복지, 미래 지향적인 생존 방식, 정치와 경제적 책임 등의 사안들을 검토하여 생산과 소비의 불균형을 해소하는 정의의 문제에 대하여 살펴보도록 하겠다. 이 논문이 기독교 세계관을 중심으로 유대교, 불교, 이슬람, 힌두교, 유교권의 음식에 관한 관점을 분석하여 소비 문명을 극복하고 생태 중심적인 음식 윤리가 형성되기를 기대한다.
Abstract
The choice of ‘food’ and the responsibility of ‘eating’ affect individuals, society and nations and furthermore, contribute to the solution or aggravation of ecological problems. According to when, where, how, what, why food is eaten for preservation of life, food influences the destiny of individuals and communities. Attitudes towards food are directly connected to ethical issues. According to Kim Seok Shin, the Korean academic world began showing specific interest in food ethics startin in 2015. So far, when journal articles on ‘food’ or ‘things to eat’ in the domestic academic world are examined, only a few papers appear examining different religions’ approaches to food. In the paper, the author will summarize the western food ethic which is ahead of our academic world, and examine the key point of food ethics from each religion’s standpoint. Through this, the author will go beyond just simple interest about things to eat, examining issues such as food production, means of consumption, norms and welfare of food culture, future oriented survival methods, political and economic responsibilities, and review the issue of justice related to the solution of imbalance in production and consumption. The author intends that this paper, with the Christian world view at the center, should analyze the perspectives of Judaism, Buddhism, Islam, Hinduism, and Confucianism on food to overcome consumer culture and ecology-centered food ethics.
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