시편 ― 시와 기도와 찬미의 성전
The Psalters are the Temple
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시편(詩篇)은 ‘시의 묶음’이란 뜻이며, 기독교의 프살모스는 시의 한 형식인 미즈모르 곧 ‘악기로 연주하는 노래’를 가리키고, 유대교의 테힐림은 ‘찬양’이다. 시편에 다양한 장르가 포함되었음에도 유대교가 ‘찬양의 책’이라고 칭하는 이유는 명확하다. 시편 신학의 기본은 하나님에 대한 찬미 때문이며, 또한 찬양은 사람만 누리는 독특한 존재 방식이기 때문이다. 이와 같은 하나님과 찬양과 신 인식은 ‘호흡 있는 자’의 가장 중요하고도 유일한 가치이다. 따라서 ‘찬양의 책’으로 시 편을 지칭하는 것은 정당하다. 아타나시우스는 시편 47에 주목한다. 여기에 ‘찬송하라’가 다섯 차례나 거듭된다(6-7). 이처럼 반복되는 찬양은 시 성전을 지나면서 고조되어 시편 146-150에서 최고조에 이른다. 안식 일이 ‘시간의 성전’이라면, 예루살렘 성전은 땅 위에 세워진 ‘공간의 성전’이며, 시편은 시와 노래와 찬미로 세워진 ‘시의 성전’이자 “영적 성전”이다.
Abstract
This article explores the Book of Psalms as the Temple of poem, i.e., prayer, song, and praise during the period where Jews lived in exile away from Jerusalem. After the destruction of Solomon’s Temple, Israel (aka. the Judahites) were deeply shocked and panicked. At that time the king was killed, the kingdom was defeated and lost, people were scattered and became members of the Diaspora. Even worse, there was no place to worship or pray. They could not but miss the Temple that was destroyed by Nebuchadnezzar. The solution to their dilemma was unexpectedly simple. The solution was to build a New Temple that was different from the former. The place and appearance and content was totally different. For instance, it should be built in the Diaspora instead of in Jerusalem, and it should be letters and writings instead of an architectural structure. Soon the fragments of the pentateuch were collected and redacted into its present form that we now read. The five books of Moses partly began to take place at the Temple. Later the Book of Psalms was collected over a long period of time and people of Israel made use of various songs; to lament, to pray, to grieve, to rejoice and finally to praise Yahweh. Gradually, the Psalter was considered as the Temple and even took root in significant faithful texts. The idea of ‘the Temple of Psalms’ came from Bernd Janowski whose essay is “Ein Tempel aus Worten: Zur theologischen Architektur des Psalters.” As a student of the Book of Psalm, I have wondered how to present the Book of Psalms as a whole to readers who love to recite the psalter. For Jesus, the Temple was the house of prayer (Mk 11:17). For the pious Christian, the Book of Psalms could be the Temple of Psalms whenever and wherever s/he needs to lament, pray, thank, and praise. We could say the Sabbath is the Temple of Time (Heschel), the Temple of Jerusalem is the Temple of Space, the Book of Psalms is the Temple of Psalms.
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