민주주의는 경제발전에 유리한 제도인가?: 정치레짐과 경제발전 간 상관관계와 그 메커니즘에 대한 예비적 탐색
Is Democracy Better for Economic Development? A Preliminary Analysis on the Correlation and its Mechanism between Political Regime and Economic Development
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초록
정치레짐과 경제발전은 상관관계가 있는가? 만약 있다면 왜 그러한가? 레짐과 경제발전 간의 관계에 대한 많은 기존 연구에도 불구하고, 민주주의와 권위주의 중 어떤 레짐이 경제발전에 더 유리한 레짐인가에 대한 결론은 아직 명확하지 않다. 또한 특정 레짐이 경제발전에 더 유리하다면그 레짐의 어떤 요인으로 인해 경제발전이 초래되는지에 대한 메커니즘에대한 연구도 부족하다. 이에 본 연구는 1900년부터 2016년까지 총 176개국가를 대상으로 정치레짐과 기타 주요 변수들을 측정한 민주주의 다양성(V-Dem)자료를 활용하여 정치레짐과 경제발전 간 관계를 확인할 것이다. 분석 결과, 민주주의를 어떻게 정의하든 민주주의의 정도가 높을수록 경제발전의 수준이 높았다. 민주주의의 경제적 우위를 더 자세히 이해하기위해, 정치레짐과 경제발전 간 관계를 이해할 세부 메커니즘으로 사적 재산권 보장 메커니즘, 민주적 책임성 메커니즘, 그리고 언론과 표현의 자유메커니즘을 확인하였다. 경험적 분석 결과, 민주적 책임성 메커니즘이 민주주의의 경제적 우위를 설명하는 유효한 메커니즘인 것으로 확인되었다.
Abstract
Is there any relationship between political regimes and economic development? If so, why? Despite a lot of existing studies on political regimes and economic development, empirical evidences on whether a democracy or autocracy is better for economic development are mixed at best. More importantly, an underlying mechanism on regime and development is still less scrutinized. To bridge the gap, this study analyzes a relationship between political regimes and economic development on 176 countries from 1900 to 2016, using Varieties of Democracy dataset. Empirical analysis first displays a positive correlation between democratic regimes and economic development. This paper also discusses three mechanisms to explain this positive correlation between democratic regimes and economic development: securing property rights mechanism, democratic accountability mechanism, and freedom of press and expression mechanism. Empirical analysis supports the significant effects of democratic accountability mechanism only.
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