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합의제 민주주의는 다수제 민주주의보다 우월한가?

Are Consensus Democracies Superior to Majoritarian Democracies?

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초록

본 연구는 세 가지 정치제도를 중심으로 합의제 민주주의와 다수제 민주주의를 비교하고 있다. 아렌트 레이파트는 권력공유에 기반한 보다 포괄적인 제도로 이루어진 합의제 민주주의가 보다 권력 집중적인 제도로 이루어진 다수제 민주주의보다 우월하다고 주장하였다. 그러나 그의 연구는 사례 선정과 방법론 등에 여러 문제점이 있다. 본 연구는 보다 포괄적인 권력공유 제도 연구를 위한 서설적 연구로서 100여 개 국가에 대해 제도적 변인과 비제도적 변인을 구분하여 이들 제도가 다섯 개의 거버넌스 분야에 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 비교분석하였다. 연구결과 레이파트의 합의제 민주주의 우월론은전반적으로 검증되지만 각 제도의 영향력은 제도에 따라 또 정책 및거버넌스 분야에 따라 다르게 나타났다. 이 결과는 권력공유와 제도효과 이론에 대한 여러 각론적 재검토를 요구하며 보다 좋은 민주주의를 위한 실천적 지식을 제공하는 데 유용한 지식을 생산하는 데도움이 될 것이다.

Abstract

This analysis is a preliminary cross national study covering more than 100 countries revealing effects of three political institutions, executive, electoral, decentralizing systems on democratic governance. Unlike previous studies of the Lijphart School this paper theoretically separates formal institutional characteristics from other political environments that were entangled as types of democracies in other studies. Using borden dataset composed of AGI and DPI, this research shows how consensus-oriented institutions contribute to build better qualities of governance. The test results confirm Arend Lijphart’s argument about the superiority of consensus democracy to majoritarian democracy in general, but also illustrates that the effects of institutions are differently embodied according to the natures of policy areas as well as characteristics of institutions.

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