경제적 불평등과 민주주의의 후퇴
Economic Inequality and Democratic Backsliding
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민주주의 국가의 양적 숫자는 늘어났지만, 여전히 많은 국가들은 낮은 민주주의의 수준에 머물러 있거나 민주주의 후퇴를 경험하고 있다. 본 연구는 왜 민주주의의 후퇴가 발생하며 경제적 불평등이 민주주의 후퇴에 어떠한 영향을 미치고 있는지 논의하였다. 본 연구의 실증적 분석은 1973년부터 2019년까지 47년간 전 세계 194개국의 민주주의 후퇴 사례를 대상으로 하였다. 고정효과로짓모형을 통한 분석 결과 경제적 불평등은 민주주의 후퇴의 가능성을 높이는 요인이었으며 특히 완전한 민주주의보다 미흡한 민주주의에서 경제적 불평등은 민주주의를 후퇴시키고 있음을 발견하였다. 이러한 실증적 분석 결과는 민주주의국가들이 민주주의의 안정적인 유지와 공고화를 위해 경제적 불평등 완화에 노력해야 한다는 점을 보여준다.
Abstract
Although the number of democracies have increased in the world, many countries are experiencing democratic backsliding or still being stuck at a low level of democracy. This study discussed why democracies have regressed and how economic inequality contributes to democratic backsliding. The empirical analysis of this study consists of the 47-year panel data of 194 countries over the period 1973 to 2019. Using the fixed effect logistic model, this study found that democratic backsliding is significantly related with increasing economic inequality especially among flawed democracies rather than consolidated democracies. This finding suggests that it is significant for democracies to alleviate economic inequality to maintain and consolidate democracy.
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