한국 민주주의에서 경제적 불평등에 대한 인식의 정치적 효과: 민주주의의 효능성에 대한 효과를 중심으로
The Political Consequence of Citizens' Perceptions of Economic Inequality in Korea: Focusing on Its Effect on the Efficacy of Democracy
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이명박 정부의 등장과 함께 한국 민주주의는 일련의 학자들에 의해서 민주화의 경이로운 성공적 사례로서 칭송받았다. 하지만 IMF 경제위기를 겪으면서 악화된 경제적 불평등은 민주정부를 거치면서 심화되었고, 이에 따라 사회경제적 취약성은 한국 민주주의의 또 다른 특징이 되었다. 그렇다면 경제적 불평등에 대한 시민들의 인식은 어떤 정치적 효과를 가지는가? 한국적 맥락에서 많은 연구가 민주화 이후 경제적 불평등의 심화를 분석하였으나, 이러한 현상의 정치적 효과를 다룬 연구는 거의 존재하지 않는다. 본 논문은 가장 최근의 데이터를 통해 경제적 불평등의 정치적 효과의 미시적 기초를 분석하고자 한다. 가장 최근의 데이터(2010 Korean Barometer)를 원용한 본 연구의 분석 결과는 다른 경쟁 가설을 통제한 이후에도 경제적 불평등에 대한 시민들의 인식이 그들의 민주주의의 효능감(efficacy)에 대한 인식을 결정하는 가장 중요한 요인임을 밝혀내었다. 이러한 분석은 민주주의 비교 정치경제학의 후속연구와 정책적 대안의 모색에 중요한 함의를 가지고 있다고 할 수 있다.
Abstract
With inauguration of Lee Myung-bak government, Korean democracy was praised as the most successful case of democratization. Characterizing Korea’s path of democratic consolidation is the successful process of democratic deepening accompanied with a rapidly growing economic inequality. What’s worse is that democratic governments have been lethargic dealing with this issue. So the social economic foundation of Korean democracy is very fragile. If so, what would be political consequences of citizen’s perception of a rising inequality during the period of democratic governments? Many studies analyzed the exacerbated patterns of inequality but little study has been done to analyze the political consequence of inequality. This study attempts to fill this gap by analyzing the most recent 2010 Korean Barometer. Empirical findings of this study confirms that after controlling competing hypotheses, citizen’s perception of economic inequality is the most influential factor on their perception of the efficacy of democracy. The main finding of this study has strong implications both for the future study of comparative democratization and policy prescription.
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