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정치제도와 부패: 부패에 대한 대통령 결선투표제의 영향력 분석

Political Institutions and Corruption: A Panel Analysis of the Institutional Effect of Presidential Run-off System on Corruption

안용흔
민주주의와 자치 연구소 (Inje Institute of Democracy and Autonomy)|2022.06|비교민주주의연구 (Comparative Democratic Studies)|제18권 제1호|pp. 65-102|DOI 10.34164/injede.2022.18.1.003

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참고문헌

키워드

corruptionmulti-party system부패proportional representation systemgovernment intervention대통령 결선투표제의회 비례대표제의회 단순다수제다당체제정치연합정부 경제간섭presidential run-off systemplurality systempolitical coalition

초록

이 연구는 부패에 관한 기존 연구가 관심을 기울이지 않았던 정치제도인 대통령 선거제도 변수가 부패에 미치는 영향력을 패널분석 방법을 사용하여 규명하는 데에 목적을 두고 있다. 이를 위해, 이 논문은 대통령제를 권력구조로 채택한 신생민주주의 국가를 분석대상으로 부패에 대한 대통령 선거제도의 제도적 효과를 분석한다. 이 논문의 패널분석에 의하면, 기존 연구가 강조한 의회 선거제도, 민주주의 수준, 영국식민지 경험과 같은 정치적 요인 그리고 정부의 경제간섭 정도와 국가 경제 수준과 같은 정치·경제적 요인과 함께 대통령 결선투표제 변수는 부패 수준에 통계적 및 실질적으로 매우 유의미한 영향력을 발휘한다. 이 결과는 대통령 후보 단일화라는 정치공학적 차원에서 제기되어 왔던 대통령 결선투표제 논의의 지평을 넓혀준다는 점에서 선거제도 개혁과 관련해 중대한 정치적 함의를 우리에게 던져준다.

Abstract

This research intends to explore the effect of presidential electoral system, a political institution that previous studies regarding corruption have not much paid attention to, on corruption by employing panel analyses. To perform this task, this paper makes every effort to the influence of presidential run-off system on corruption, placing the impacts of such political and economic variables as highlighted by previous studies under control. The statistical results of panel analyses reveal that presidential run-off system exerts not only statistically but also substantially very significant influences on cross-national and time-series variations in the extent of corruption along with political variables such as legislative electoral system, the level of democracy, and British colonial experience, as well as political-economic ones like the extent of government intervention into the economy and the level of national economic development. The results of this analysis give us important political implications for the reform of the presidential electoral system by broadening the horizon of the debate on the presidential runoff system, which has been discussed in the dimension of political engineering to unify presidential candidates.

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