CRS 목적코드를 활용한 분야별 원조 효과에 관한 탐색적 연구
An Exploratory Analysis on the Aid Effectiveness by Sector Using OECD CRS Purpose Code
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참고문헌
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초록
국제사회는 소득수준에 따라 개발도상국을 그룹화하고 이들에게 차등적으로 공적개발원조를 배분함으로써 개발 격차 해소를 위해 노력하고 있다. 그러나 2002년 수원국 목록에 150개국이 존재했던 것에 비해, 2021년 수원국 목록에서 벗어난 국가는 단 8개국에 불과하다. 이는 대부분의 수원국이 여전히 개발이 필요한 상태로 정체되어 있다는 것을 의미한다. 원조의 효과에 관한 다수의 연구에 따르면 수원국의 발전 정도에 따라 원조가 경제성장에 미치는 영향이 달라질 수 있다고 주장한다. 공여국 입장에서 어떤 수원국에게 원조를 더 많이 배분하는가에 집중한 기존 연구와 다르게, 본 연구는 수원국 입장에서 어떤 분야의 원조가 경제성장에 효과적인지, 그리고 그 효과가 수원국의 소득수준에 따라 차이가 있는지를 실증적으로 고찰하는 점이 차별적이다. 분석 결과, 최빈국과 중상위소득국 모두 사회 인프라 및 서비스(100) 원조가 경제성장에 긍정적인 영향을 미치지만, 다 부문(400) 원조는 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 수원국의 소득수준에 따라 경제성장에 미치는 원조의 효과와 원조의 분야가 상이함을 실증적으로 밝혔다는 점에서 학술적·정책적 함의가 있다.
Abstract
According to previous studies on the effectiveness of aid, aid has the impact of aid on economic growth may vary depending on the degree of development of the recipient country. Unlike previous studies that focused on which recipients distribute more aid from the perspective of donors, this study is differentiated in that it considers which areas of aid are effective for economic growth from the perspective of the recipients and whether the effect differs depending on the income level of the recipients. It finds that while aid in the social infrastructure sector (100) has a positive effect on economic growth in both the LDCs and UMICs, aid from multiple sectors (400) has a negative effect. This results empirically shows that the effect of aid and the sector of aid differ depending on the income level of the recipients.
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