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지역체제 수준에서의 공적개발원조 배분에 관한 탐색적 연구

An Exploratory Analysis on the Determinants of Aid Allocation at the Level of Regional System

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공적개발원조의 배분 결정요인에 관한 다수의 선행연구에 따르면, 개발원조는 공여국이 자국의 이익을 추구하거나 수원국의 필요를 충족시키기 위해서 배분된다. 공여국과 수원국 혹은 이들 양자 간의 관계라는 국가 혹은 국가 간 수준에서 분석하는 기존 연구와 달리 본 연구는 지역체제(regional system)를 분석 수준으로 설정하여 공적개발원조 배분 결정요인을 탐색한다. 즉, 개별 공여국이나 수원국의 특성 혹은 이들이 맺는 정치·경제·역사적 관계의 특성이 아닌 해당 지역체제 수준에서 특정 수원국이 차지하는 상대적 위치나 위상이 원조 배분과 어떻게 연계되는지를 살펴본다는 점에서 본 연구는 차별적이다. 분석 결과, 수원국이 차지하는 지역 내 무역 비중, 군사비 지출 비중, 영아 사망률의 수준이 높을수록 공여 행위자로부터 더 많은 원조가 제공되는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 경제적 요인이 공여국 원조 배분과는 통계적으로 유의미하게 연계되지 않은 반면, 다자기구의 원조 배분과는 유의미한 관계가 있음을 밝혔다는 점에서 본 연구의 학술적 의의가 있다.

Abstract

According to the existing works on the determinants of aid allocation, foreign aid is distributed to enhance donors’ political and economic interests and/or to address recipients’ socio-economic needs. Unlike these works that focus mainly on the state level or inter-state level of analysis, this study examines what factors at the level of regional system affect allocation of foreign aid by aid-providing countries and multilateral institutions. It finds that a recipient country’s relative positions in the region in terms of its trade volume, military spending, and infant mortality have positive and statistically significant relationship with the share of foreign aid it receives in the total aid volume provided for the region. The result also shows that a recipient’s economic position in the region is significantly associated with aid allocation of multilateral institutions while it is not significantly associated with that of aid-giving countries.

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