본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

과학 커뮤니케이션에 있어 전문가의 역할과 기능, 대중 참여에 대한 탐색적 연구: 뇌과학자들의 인터뷰 중심 분석

Interviewing Neuroscientists: Unveiling Challenges in Public Engagement for Neuroscience in Science Communication

0

조회

0

다운로드

0

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

초록

본 연구의 목적은 과학기술의 발전과 더불어 중요성이 커진 위험과 과학 커뮤니케이션에 대한 전문가 의견을 통해 뇌과학 커뮤니케이션에 대한 대중 참여의 의미를 고찰하는데 있다. 이를 위해 뇌과학자 10명을 대상으로 초점 집단을 구성하여 온라인 인터뷰를 진행했다. 인터뷰는 첫째, 뇌과학자들이 연구수행과 관련하여 경험한 커뮤니케이션의 문제, 둘째, 뇌과학자가 바라본 우리나라 과학 커뮤니케이션의 현재, 셋째, 대중 관심 제고와 참여 도모를 위한 뇌과학자들의 방법론적 제안에 대한 질문으로 구성했다. 연구 결과, 뇌과학자들은 대중에 대한 전문지식 전달의 문제, 연구결과의 순기능과 의도하지 않은 효과의 문제를 지적했고, ‘언론속의 과학보도’ 즉, 미디어를 통한 과학기술에 대한 이해는 연구결과의 긍정적 측면 뿐만 아니라 부정적 측면에 대한 고려 또한 필요함을 나타냈다. 마지막으로, 신기술의 사회적 적용에 대한 대중의 관심 제고와 참여 도모를 위해서는 과학자, 인문학자, 사회과학자, 법학자 등 사회적 영향에 대한 논의가 가능한 전문가 집단의 협업이 필요함을 제안했다. 이 연구는 탐색적 연구로서 향후 과학 커뮤니케이션 분야에서 다루어야 할 연구주제에 대한 인사이트를 제공하고, 위험과 과학 커뮤니케이션의 통합적 관점에서 대중 참여의 중요성을 고찰한 것에 의미가 있다.

Abstract

In an era of rapid scientific and technological advancement, public engagement in risk and science communication has become increasingly crucial. This study delves into the multifaceted concept of public engagement, exploring its significance in forging social consensus and agreement. Through online interviews with a focus group of 10 neuroscientists, a field at the forefront of scientific communication, the study examines the various dimensions of communication challenges faced by neuroscientists. Further, we sought to find out about the current state of science communication in Korea as perceived by neuroscientists. Additionally, the study explores the methodological discussions necessary for engaging the public prior to the societal application of brain-based technologies. The findings reveal internal conflicts among neuroscientists regarding the legitimacy of research methods and the scientific basis of research results. They also highlight the polarization between patient treatment and researcher-driven research. Moreover, neuroscientists expressed concerns about the potential misuse of research results in social applications, emphasizing the need to consider both the positive and negative aspects of scientific breakthroughs. The study concludes by advocating for collaborative efforts between scientists, humanities scholars, social scientists, lawyers, and other experts to foster public interest and participation in the social application of new technologies. This exploratory study contributes to a comprehensive understanding of public engagement from the integrated perspective of risk and science communication.

참고문헌 (83)

  1. 김동광, "마음을 마음대로 조절할 수 있을까", pp.203~239 (2021), 이상북스
  2. 김동규, "사회갈등 보도의 새로운 방향 찾기", 한국언론학보, 45(1), pp.5~32 (2000)
  3. 김수진, "문화적 편향이 기후변화 정책 순응과 지지에 미치는 영향 : 위험인식, 감정, 효능감의 매개 효과 중심 분석", 한국언론학보, 63(4), pp.230~274 (2019)
  4. 김소영, "과학 이슈의 정치 프레임이 메시지 평가, 정서적 태도, 정책 지지에 미치는 영향 : 접종과 정서의 조절 효과를 중심으로", 한국언론학보, 63(6), pp.65~95 (2019)
  5. 김영욱, "위험 위기 그리고 커뮤니케이션" (2008), 이화여대 출판부
  6. 김학수, "공공과학과 과학커뮤니케이션과정 연구", 한국언론학보, 43(4), pp.79~110 (1999)
  7. 김학수, "방사선과학 관련 커뮤니케이션모델(PUS vs. PEP", IS)비교실험 연구, 2011, pp.55(4), 215~232
  8. 류영준, "마음을 마음대로 조절할 수 있을까" (2021), 이상북스
  9. 류영준, "신경과학과 신경윤리 : 융합을 위한 현황조사 및 대응기반 보고서" (2021), 연두출판사
  10. 송해룡, "위험커뮤니케이션과 위험수용" (2005), 커뮤니케이션북스
  11. 신희건, "신경향상 기술이 제기하는 난제-신경법학의 기반 연구를 위한 윤리적 쟁점 검토-", 미래의료인문사회과학, 3(1), pp.39~61 (2020)
  12. 엄주희, "뇌신경윤리에 관한 법제 연구", 법제, 2018(12), pp.44~73 (2018)
  13. 엄주희, "디지털과 바이오 융합기술에서 새로운 인권의 형성", 헌법학연구, 28(4), pp.307~366 (2022)
  14. 엄주희, "인간 증강에 관한 헌법적 고찰 : 군사적 목적의 인간증강과 기본권", 동아법학, (91), pp.27~64 (2021)
  15. 이세민, "과학 커뮤니케이션 담론 변화에 따른 참여자 간 상호지향성 연구 : 원자력위험 커뮤니케이션에 대한 전문가와 일반인의 인식 비교", 한국언론학보, 56(1), pp.31~57 (2012)
  16. 한국인의 사회위험 지각과 정책적 함의, "정지범", 1~300 (2009)
  17. Akin, H., "The Oxford handbook of the science of science communication", pp.25~33 (2017)
  18. Andersen, I. E., "Scenario workshops and urban planning in Denmark", PLA notes, 40, pp.53~56 (2001)
  19. Babbie, E. R., "The practice of social research" (2020), Cengage AU
  20. Bauer, M. W., "What can we learn from 25 years of PUS survey research? Liberating and expanding the agenda", Public Understanding of Science, 16(1), pp.79~95 (2007)
  21. Bickerstaff, K., "Public understandings of air pollution : the ‘localisation’ of environmental risk", Global Environmental Change, 11(2), pp.133~145 (2001)
  22. Bolsen, T., "Counteracting the politicization of science", Journal of Communication, 65(5), pp.745~769 (2015)
  23. Bolsen, T., "Do partisanship and politicization undermine the impact of a scientific consensus message about climate change?", Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 21(3), pp.389~402 (2018)
  24. Breakwell, G. M., "Risk communication : fators affecting impact", British Medical Bulletin, 56(1), pp.110~120 (2000)
  25. Bubela, T., "Science communication reconsidered", Nature Biotechnology, 27(6), pp.514~518 (2009)
  26. Burns, T. W., "Science communication : a contemporary definition", Public Understanding of Science, 12(2), pp.183~202 (2003)
  27. Campbell, V., "Public Relations: Critical Debates and Contemporary Practice", pp.205~220 (2006), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
  28. Chen, Y., "How does Confucian culture affect technological innovation? Evidence from family enterprises in China", Plos One, 17(6), pp.e0269220~ (2022)
  29. Chin, T., "Understanding cognitive differences across cultures : Integrating neuroscience and cultural psychology", Frontiers in Psychology, 13, pp.1041734~ (2022)
  30. Covello, V. T., "Communicating in risk, crisis, and high stress situations: evidence-based strategies and practice" (2021), John Wiley & Sons
  31. Covello, V. T., "Carcinogen Risk Assessment. Contemporary Issues in Risk Analysis, vol 3" (1988), Springer
  32. Drew, L., "Elon Musk’s Neuralink brain chip: what scientists think of first human trial", Nature (2024)
  33. Drew, L., "Neuralink brain chip : advance sparks safety and secrecy concerns", Nature, 627(8002), pp.19~19 (2024)
  34. Druckman, J. N., "The Oxford handbook of the science of science communication", pp.243~252 (2017)
  35. Fishkin, J. S., "Consulting the public through deliberative polling", Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 22(1), pp.128~133 (2003)
  36. Fishkin, J. S., "Deliberative polling and public consultation", Parliamentary Affairs, 53(4), pp.657~666 (2000)
  37. Friedman, S., "Scientists and journalists. Reporting science as news" (1986), American Association for the Advancement of Science
  38. Friedman, V. J., "Handbook of action research: The concise paperback edition", pp.131~143 (2008)
  39. Gastil, J., "The Oxford Handbook of the Science of Science Communication", pp.233~242 (2017), Oxford University Press
  40. Gastil, J., "The deliberative democracy handbook: Strategies for effective civic engagement in the twenty-first century" (2005), Jossey-Bass
  41. Gilbert, F., "Deep brain stimulation in the media : over-optimistic portrayals call for a new strategy involving journalists and scientists in ethical debates", Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience, 5, pp.16~ (2011)
  42. Glasziou, P., "When should a new test become the current reference standard?", Annals of Internal Medicine, 149(11), pp.816~821 (2008)
  43. Greely, H. T., "Disabilities, Enhancements, and the Meanings of Sports", Stanford Law and Policy Review, 15, pp.99~ (2004)
  44. Science and Technology-Third Report, "House of Lords", Science and Technology Committee, ~ (2000)
  45. Hörning, G., "Citizens’ panels as a form of deliberative technology assessment", Science and Public Policy, 26(5), pp.351~359 (1999)
  46. Illes, J., "Neurotalk : improving the communication of neuroscience research", Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 11(1), pp.61~69 (2010)
  47. Illes, J., "Neuroethics: Defining the Issues in Theory, Practice, and Policy", pp.149~168 (2006)
  48. Irwin, A., "The handbook of science and technology studies", pp.583~ (2008)
  49. Jensen, E., "Why people attend science festivals : Interests, motivations and self-reported benefits of public engagement with research", Public Understanding of Science, 23(5), pp.557~573 (2014)
  50. Jwa, A. S., "An XYZ-axis Matrix Approach for the Integration of Neuroscience and Neuroethics", Experimental Neurobiology, 32(1), pp.8~ (2023)
  51. Kappel, K., "Why science communication, and does it work? A taxonomy of science communication aims and a survey of the empirical evidence", Frontiers in Communication, 4, pp.55~ (2019)
  52. Khan, S., "Transcending the brain: is there a cost to hacking the nervous system?", Brain Communications, 1(1), pp.fcz015~ (2019)
  53. Kimmerle, J., "How laypeople understand the tentativeness of medical research news in the media : An experimental study on the perception of information about deep brain stimulation", Science Communication, 37(2), pp.173~189 (2015)
  54. Koh, E. J., "Mapping neuroscientists’ perceptions of the nature and effects of public visibility", Science Communication, 38(2), pp.170~196 (2016)
  55. Kouper, I., "Science blogs and public engagement with science: Practices, challenges, and opportunities", Journal of Science Communication, 9(1), pp.A02~ (2010)
  56. Levy, M., "The ethics of placebo controlled clinical trials in NMO-A balance of risks", Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders, 4(6), pp.512~514 (2015)
  57. Martin, S., "Public participation and citizen-centred local government : Lessons from the best value and better government for older people pilot programmes", Public Money & Management, 20(2), pp.47~54 (2000)
  58. McCabe, D. P., "Seeing is believing : The effect of brain images on judgments of scientific reasoning", Cognition, 107(1), pp.343~352 (2008)
  59. Miller, J. D., "What colleges and universities need to do to advance civic scientific literacy and preserve American democracy", Liberal Education, 98(4), pp.28~33 (2012)
  60. "The Modern News Consumer. Pew Research Center’s Journalism Project" (2016)[URL]
  61. Moser, S. C., "Creating a climate for change: Communicating climate change and facilitating social change" (2007), Cambridge University Press
  62. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, "Communicating Science Effectively : A Research Agenda" (2017), The National Academies Press
  63. "Neuralink (@neuralink)", X
  64. Nisbet, M. C., "Communicating climate change : Why frames matter for public engagement", Environment : Science and Policy for Sustainable Development, 51(2), pp.12~23 (2009)
  65. O’Connor, C., "Social representations of brain research : Exploring public(dis)engagement with contemporary neuroscience", Science Communication, 36(5), pp.617~645 (2014)
  66. Owens, S., "‘Engaging the public’ : information and deliberation in environmental policy", Environment and Planning A, 32(7), pp.1141~1148 (2000)
  67. Peters, H. P., "Science-media interface : It’s time to reconsider", Science Communication, 30(2), pp.266~276 (2008)
  68. Racine, E., ""Currents of hope" : neurostimulation techniques in US and UK print media", Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics, 16(3), pp.312~316 (2007)
  69. Racine, E., "Contemporary neuroscience in the media", Social Science & Medicine, 71(4), pp.725~733 (2010)
  70. Renn, O., "Three decades of risk research : accomplishments and new challenges", Journal of Risk Research, 1(1), pp.49~71 (1998)
  71. Rowe, G., "Public participation methods: a framework for evaluation", Science, Technology, & Human Values, 25(1), pp.3~29 (2000)
  72. Russell, N., "Communicating science: Professional, popular, literary" (2009), Cambridge University Press
  73. del Carmen Sánchez-Mora, M., "Towards a taxonomy for public communication of science activities", Journal of Science Communication, 15(02), pp.Y01_en-1~ (2016)
  74. Scheufele, D. A., "Science communication as political communication", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(supplement_4), pp.13585~13592 (2014)
  75. Schwitzer, G., "How do US journalists cover treatments, tests, products, and procedures? An evaluation of 500 stories", PLoS Medicine, 5(5), pp.e95~ (2008)
  76. Smith, G., "The theory and practice of citizens’ juries", Policy & Politics, 27(3), pp.295~308 (1999)
  77. "The Royal Society" (1985)[URL]
  78. Trench, B., "Communicating science in social contexts: New models, new practices", pp.119~135 (2008)
  79. Wachelder, J., "Democratizing science: various routes and visions of Dutch science shops", Science, Technology, & Human Values, 28(2), pp.244~273 (2003)
  80. Weingart, P., "Public engagement with science—Origins, motives and impact in academic literature and science policy", PloS one, 16(7), pp.e0254201~ (2021)
  81. Wimmer, R. D., "Mass media research" (2013), Cengage learning
  82. Yu, F., "Understanding East-West Cultural Differences on Perceived Compensation Fairness Among Executives : From a Neuroscience Perspective", Frontiers in Psychology, 12, pp.815641~ (2022)

관련 논문AI추천

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (2건)