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과학기술인력의 사회참여인식에 영향을 미치는 요인에 관한 연구: 미국 나노과학자 사례를 중심으로

Factors affecting scientists’ public engagement perceptions: A case study

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주제분류행정학

초록

과학기술의 급속한 발전에 따라 사회 여러 영역에서 과학의 역할에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 이러한 관심은 비단 기술적인 측면에 한정하는 것이 아니라, 과학기술의 사회적 영향에 대한 부분까지 그 범위가 넓어지고 있다. 과학과 사회의 관계에 대한 기존의 연구가 주로 대중의 과학기술에 대한 인식과 동기에 대한 주제로 제한적이었다면, 본 연구는 과학기술인력을 대상으로 그들의 개인차를 전제하여 사회적 참여의사에 영향을 미치는 인지적 요인을 분석한다. 문헌연구를 통해 과학자의 사회적 참여를 둘러싼 학문적 논의를 고찰하고, 미국 나노과학자 설문자료를 바탕으로 과학자의 인식에 영향을 미치는 제 요소를 탐구한다. 연구 결과 과학자들의 사회적 참여인식은 그들이 가진 기술위험인식 및 편익인식의 영향을 받으며, 대중을 보는 관점이나 정치 및 종교관 등 다양한 가치관의 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다.

Abstract

Rapid technological advancements have caused increased discussion on the role of scientific experts in many of areas of the society. The discussion not only covers its technological details, but their impact on society as a whole. While previous studies on the relationship between science and society have generally focused on the public opinions, this study examines scientific experts’ perceptions based on the idea that they play a key role in the policy debates surrounding technologies and their implications. Using survey data of the U.S. nanoscientists, this study examines factors affecting scientists’ views on public engagement. Results demonstrate that while scientists are supportive of public engagement in general, scientists show differences based on their perceptual factors. These factors include scientists’ risk and benefit perceptions, their opinions about the public, and individual value systems such as religiosity and political views.

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