지중해연안 유럽 국가들의 연금개혁－이탈리아와 그리스를 중심으로－
Pension Reform in Mediterranean European Countries -Focused on Italy and Greece ?-
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The purpose of this paper is to analyse pension reform in MediterraneanEuropean countries, especially focused on Italy and Greece. And theimplications will be suggested. In order to analyse pension reform inMediterranean European countries, first of all, politics, economy, and societyin four countries are examined shortly. In terms of politics, MediterraneanEuropean countries had experienced long dictatorship until the middle of 1970,and then brought about democracy in the middle of 1970. And they wereagricultural countries until 1970, thus, they were industrialized late comparingwith West European countries. Also their society has been characterized withthe spread of informal and irregular economy and clientelism. Mediterranean European countries also have similar pension system eachother comparing with West European countries. That is, MediterraneanEuropean countries have developed their welfare state focused on pension. Thus, the benefit level of the pension was very high relatively. And pensionin Mediterranean European countries also have played a role as socialassistance without enough financial subsidy from the state. Because of thesereasons, they have faced financial problem in pension and should havereformed pension. Under the financial problem in pension, Mediterranean European countrieshave accelerated pension reform in terms of financial sustainability. Thus, thedirection of their pension reform tends to be convergent to financial sustainability while the degree of the pension reform was divers each other. Inorder to examine these changes, pension reform of Italy and Greece is analyzedin depth. The reason which this paper focuses on the pension reform of Italyand Greece is that Italy is characterized as successive pension reform withsocial consensus but Greece is characterized as passive pension reform withexternal factors. Italy also had reformed the pension quickly while it took along time for Greece to reform the pension. Then, based on analysis of pension reform caused in Italy and Greece, theimplication of pension reform in Mediterranean European countries is suggested.
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to analyse pension reform in MediterraneanEuropean countries, especially focused on Italy and Greece. And theimplications will be suggested. In order to analyse pension reform inMediterranean European countries, first of all, politics, economy, and societyin four countries are examined shortly. In terms of politics, MediterraneanEuropean countries had experienced long dictatorship until the middle of 1970,and then brought about democracy in the middle of 1970. And they wereagricultural countries until 1970, thus, they were industrialized late comparingwith West European countries. Also their society has been characterized withthe spread of informal and irregular economy and clientelism. Mediterranean European countries also have similar pension system eachother comparing with West European countries. That is, MediterraneanEuropean countries have developed their welfare state focused on pension. Thus, the benefit level of the pension was very high relatively. And pensionin Mediterranean European countries also have played a role as socialassistance without enough financial subsidy from the state. Because of thesereasons, they have faced financial problem in pension and should havereformed pension. Under the financial problem in pension, Mediterranean European countrieshave accelerated pension reform in terms of financial sustainability. Thus, thedirection of their pension reform tends to be convergent to financial sustainability while the degree of the pension reform was divers each other. Inorder to examine these changes, pension reform of Italy and Greece is analyzedin depth. The reason which this paper focuses on the pension reform of Italyand Greece is that Italy is characterized as successive pension reform withsocial consensus but Greece is characterized as passive pension reform withexternal factors. Italy also had reformed the pension quickly while it took along time for Greece to reform the pension. Then, based on analysis of pension reform caused in Italy and Greece, theimplication of pension reform in Mediterranean European countries is suggested.
참고문헌 (29)
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