모세오경에 나타난 톨레도트 양식 (Toledot Formula) 연구
A Study on the Toledot Formula in the Pentateuch
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본 논문은 오경 안에 나타나는 톨레도트 양식 (Toledot Formula)를 연구한다. 톨레도트 양식은 구약성경에서 일반적으로 “이것은 ~의 족보니라”라고 번역될 수 있는 히브리어 표현을 일컫는다. 히브리어에서 족보를 뜻하는 톨레도트라는 단어 자체는 총 39회 나타나지만, 이 톨레도트 양식은 구약 성경에서 13회, 그리고 창세기에서만 11회 사용된다. 창세기의 구조와 의미를 파악하는데 있어서 가장 중요한 표현이 바로 톨레도트 양식이다. 이 글에서 톨레도트 양식은 세 가지 일반적인 특징으로 규정된다. 첫째, 톨레도트 양식이 이야기 단원을 가져오는 것과 족보 단원을 가져오는 것으로 구분할 수 있다. 둘째, 족보는 직계와 방계로 나눌 수 있다. 셋째, 접속사 바브를 포함하는 등위절과 바브가 없는 독립절로 나눌 수 있다. 이런 구문론적인 특징을 통해 본 논문은 창세기의 구조를 재구성하는데 있어서 톨레도트 양식이 결정적인 역할을 하고, 창세기의 주요 주제인 약속의 후손에 초점을 맞추게 한다는 점을 논증한다. 여기에 더해 이 논문은 창세기의 주요한 구조적 특징인 톨레도트 양식이 민수기 3:1에서 다시 등장하는 이유와 그 의도에 대해 질문한다. 이를 통해 오경 전체에서 저자는 12번의 톨레도트 양식을 사용하면서 창세기의 창조로부터 시작되었던 이야기가 아담과 노아, 족장들과 이스라엘의 열두 지파, 그리고 최종적으로 아론의 대제사장 직분을 통해 완성되고 있다는 사실을 본 논문은 주장한다. 결국 제사장을 중심으로 하나님을 예배하는 예배 공동체는 에덴에서 아담과 하와에게 주셨던 인류의 사명을 재확인하고 살아가도록 요구한다.
Abstract
In this study, I investigate the Toledot Formula in the Pentateuch. The formula, which represents the expression “These are the generation of ~”, has been received much attention from Genesis scholarships for a long time. The Hebrew word ‘Toledot’ itself occurs 39 times in the Old Testament, whereas the formula only occurs 13 times in the Old Testament, particularly 11 times in Genesis. Not surprisingly, this formula is a significant expression in order to understand the structure and the main thematic stream of Genesis. It is possible to categorize the formula into three: the Toledot formulae followed by narrative or genealogy, Segmented or Lineage Toledot, and Independent or Coordinate Toledot. By exploring these features, this study argues that the Toledot formula is a crucial function to establish the proper structure of Genesis and that the formula makes us focus on the main theme, that is, the promised seed. In addition, this study expands its concern to the Pentateuch. In doing so, we are asked why the author of the Pentateuch uses this special expression in Numbers 3:1 once more. Throughout the investigation, this study argues that the author intended to narrow focus from Creation, Adam, Noah, the Patriarchs, and the twelve tribes of Israel to Aaronic priesthood by using the specific Toledot formula. The life of Israelites, therefore, placing the tabernacle among their center can be considered as a fulfillment of the mission in Eden, which is given to the first humanity, Adam and Eve. In addition, this study expands its concern to the Pentateuch. In doing so, we are asked why the author of the Pentateuch uses this special expression in Numbers 3:1 once more. Throughout the investigation, this study argues that the author intended to narrow focus from Creation, Adam, Noah, the Patriarchs, and the twelve tribes of Israel to Aaronic priesthood by using the specific Toledot formula 12th time. The life of Israelites, therefore, placing the tabernacle among their center can be considered as a fulfillment of the mission in Eden, which is given to the first humanity, Adam and Eve.
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