역사적 접근에서 구약 신학으로: 발터 아이히로트의 방법론적 전환
From Historical Approach to Old Testament Theology: Walther Eichrodt's Methodological Shift
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이 글에서 저자는 발터 아이히로트(Walther Echrodt)의 구약 연구 방법론이 어떻게 역사적 방법에서 구약 신학으로 옮겨가게 되었는지를 추적한다. 저자는 아이히로트가 이런 생각을 가지게 된 역사적인 배경으로 게블러(Gabler)의 성경 신학의 유산, 프록쉬(Otto Procksch)의 영향, 아이스펠트(Otto Eissfeldt)에 반대하는 방법론, 그리고 그 시대 횡행한 역사 방법의 문제점 인식을 차례로 살핀다. 그런 다음 아이히로트의 구약 연구 방법론으로 횡단적(cross-sectional) 접근과 그의 구약 신학의 핵심 개념인 언약을 살핀다. 저자는 아이히로트가 하나의 개념으로 구약 신학 전체를 설명하려는 시도가 단점이 없는 것은 아니지만 그가 구약 연구에 기여한 부분은 과소평가될 수 없다고 주장한다. 왜냐하면 아이히로트 이전의 많은 학자들이 구약 연구에서 역사적인 차원만 강조했기 때문이다. 이전의 구약 연구의 경향과는 구별되는 방식으로 아이히로트는 횡단적 방법을 사용하여 언약을 강조하며 자신의 구약 신학을 제시했다는 점에서 그의 구약 신학은 이후의 구약 연구에 분명한 기여를 했다.
Abstract
The author in this article traces how Eichrodt’s method has shifted from historical approach to OT theology. The author explains Eichrodt’s historical background, including Gabler’s legacy of biblical theology, the influence of Otto Procksch, his method against Otto Eissfeldt’s, and the methodological problem of the history of religions. After dealing with Eichrodt’s cross-sectional approach and his central concept of covenant in his OT theology, the author argues that even though Eichrodt’s attempt to explain the OT theology as one concept has its drawback, Eichrodt’s contribution cannot be underestimated. Many scholars before Eichrodt only emphasized the historical dimensions in OT studies. Distinguishing his method from the previous trends, however, Eichrodt carried out his OT theology in a cross-sectional way. In this respect, Eichrodt has manifestly contributed to the subsequent studies of the OT.
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