에스겔의 성전 환상(겔 40-48): 그럼블즈(Drew N. Grumbles)의 모형론적 해석 고찰
Ezekiel's Temple Vision (Ezekiel 40-48): An Examination of Drew N. Grumbles' Typological Interpretation
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에스겔의 ‘성전 환상’(겔40-48장)에 대한 기존 해석은 크게 ‘문자적 해석’과 ‘상징적 해석’으로 나뉜다. 한편 최근 들어 ‘성전 환상’을 ‘모형론적’으로 접근하는 시도들이 있는데, 대표적인 경우가 그럼블즈(Drew N. Grumbles)의 2021년 논문 YHWH Is There: Ezekiel’s Temple Vision as a Type이다. 그럼블즈는 ‘성전 환상’에 대한 문자적 또는 상징적 해석의 한계를 논하며, 이에 대한 해결책으로 ‘모형론적 해석’을 제안한다. 즉, 에스겔 40-48장의 ‘새 성전’은 모형(type)으로서 신약의 그리스도의 교회와 새 예루살렘 성전(계21-22장)이라는 원형(antitype)의 성취를 내다보며, 특히 구약의 ‘물리적 성전’(모형)에서 신약의 ‘비물리적 성전’(원형)으로 나아가는 가교 역할을 한다고 본다. 본고에서는 기존의 ‘성전 환상’ 해석을 평가하는 가운데 그럼블즈의 ‘모형론적 해석’이 가지는 이점을 논한다. 특히 필자는 에스겔 38-39장의 곡과 마곡에 대한 예언 역시 모형론적으로 보아야 한다는 학자들의 논의에 근거해 40-48장의 모형론적 해석의 설득력을 지지하고자 한다.
Abstract
The interpretations of Ezekiel’s Temple Vision (Ezekiel 40-48) can be broadly categorized into ‘literal interpretation’ and ‘symbolic interpretation’. Recently, however, there have been attempts to approach the Temple Vision typologically, a notable example being Drew N. Grumbles’ 2021 monograph titled “YHWH Is There: Ezekiel’s Temple Vision as a Type.” Grumbles discusses the limitations of both literal and symbolic interpretations of the Temple Vision and proposes a ‘typological interpretation’ as a solution. He suggests that the New Temple described in Ezekiel 40-48 serves as a ‘type,’ anticipating the fulfillment of the ‘antitype’ in the New Testament’s Church of Christ and the New Jerusalem Temple (Rev 21-22), particularly playing the role of a ‘turning point’ from the Old Testament’s ‘physical temple’ (type) to the New Testament’s ‘spiritual temple’ (antitype). This paper evaluates the prior interpretations of the Temple Vision while discussing the advantages of Grumbles’ ‘typological interpretation.’ Particularly, this paper supports the persuasiveness of the typological interpretation of Ezekiel 40-48, based on the discussions of scholars who argue that the prophecies concerning Gog and Magog in Ezekiel 38-39 should also be viewed typologically.
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