해남지역 마한 취락의 특징과 변화

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to identify how Mahan society changed in Haenam region by examining the appearance of villages where people inhabited and the process of change. Haenam region is classified into five areas based on archaeological data and natural topography. Villages are concentrated in Hyeonsancheon area and Samsancheon area, and tombs were centered in Hyeonsancheon area and Bugil-myeon area. The village of Mahan is classified into six stages according to residential structures and artifacts. Stage I refers to the ring-moat village around 3rd century BC before Gungok-ri Shell Mound was formed. The artifacts mainly include round clay-stripe pottery. Stage Ⅱ refers to round-type residences in Gungok-ri from 2nd century BC to 1st century AD. The artifacts mainly include triangular clay-stripe pottery and hard plain pottery. Stage Ⅲ is from 2nd to 3rd century AD. The type of residence is not identified, but the artifacts include hard plain pottery with increasing beating-patterned pottery. Stage Ⅳ is from mid-3rd century to mid-4th century AD. Small cluster or local hub villages appeared such as Shingeum, Bunto, and Gungok-ri Sangcheung and Seokho-ri villages. Fire disposal occurred in the village and foreign goods were imported. Stage Ⅴ is from late 4th century to mid 5th century. The artifacts tended to concentrate on tombs with the introduction of foreign pottery. Stage Ⅵ is from mid-5th to 6th century. There are traces of residences only in the vicinity of Yongwoon Ancient Tomb and various tombs are found. The process of change in the villages of Mahan are as follows: the appearance of ring-moat villages, the growth into Euprak (semantically, town), the appearance of hub villages, and sharp decline. The appearance of villages started with ring-moat villages in Stage Ⅰ, and it was limited to Hyeonsancheon area in Baekpoman Bay. The villages had coastal characters such as guidance of coastal service and supply of goods. Euprak lasted till 3rd century (StageⅢ). A small unit of villages of round-type residences were concentrated around Baekpoman Bay, and they were settled as square-type residences since 1st century AD. Gungok-ri was an outpost area for maritime exchange with various foreign trade networks, and it grew into a small country level of Euprak of Mahan with a character of intermediate port. This village expanded from a single area to many areas from mid 3rd century, and hub villages appeared such as Shingrum and Bunto remains. The two villages were based on the production and distribution of ironware, and international relations. This growth of hub villages declined sharply because of fire disposals in the mid and late 4th century. There were various causes for fire disposals, which can be seen in the basic data of the records on King Geunchogowang’s conquest of the southern provinces. The trapezoidal tomb, which is a traditional form of tomb in Yeongsangang River basin, started to change from mid 4th century in Haenam region. This seems to have resulted from such causes