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소다자주의에 대한 이론적 접근 －개념, 기능, 효과－

A Study of Mini-Multilateralism －Its Concept, Functions and Effects－

민병원
통일연구원 (YONSEI INSTITUTE FOR NORTH KOREAN STUDIES)|2018.11|통일연구 (KOREAN UNIFICATION STUDIES)|제22권 제2호|pp. 177-218

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참고문헌

키워드

Club소다자주의다자주의헤게모니HegemonyMultilateralism메타거버넌스MetagovernanceMini-Multilateralism클럽Forum Shoppingk-그룹최소기여집단포럼 쇼핑다중주의K-GroupMinimal Contributing SetPlurilateralism

초록

오늘날 국제정치에서 다자주의는 글로벌 거버넌스를 위한 대안으로서 더 이상 타당하지 않은 것인가? 이러한 문제를 중심으로이 논문에서는 최근 주목을 받고 있는 소다자주의 현상을 이론적으로 논의한다. 이를 위해 탈냉전기의 글로벌 거버넌스로서 다자주의의 한계를 논의하고, 그에 대한 대안으로서 등장한 소다자주의의 특징을 소개한다. 이어 소다자주의가 사회과학의 다양한 이론들, 특히 현실주의적 집단행동이론과 자유주의 협력이론의 전통속에서 어떻게 뿌리를 내리고 있는지를 살펴본다. 이해관계와 전략적 행동에 초점을 맞추는 집단행동이론에서는 소수의 협력집단이 등장하는 메커니즘을 헤게모니와 ‘k-그룹’의 개념으로 이해하고 있는데, 이것이 자유주의 시각에서 제시하는 ‘최소기여집단’의개념과 어떤 차이를 보이는지를 아울러 살펴본다. 또한 소다자주의가 하나의 ‘클럽’으로서 문화적 공동체의 모습을 보여준다는 점을 언급한 후 이것이 강대국들을 중심으로 한 여러 전략적 행태들과 밀접하게 연관되어 있음을 밝힌다. 이를 위해 ‘포럼 쇼핑’이나 ‘메타거버넌스’, 그리고 ‘다중주의’와 같은 이론적 개념들을 추가적으로 논의하면서 소다자주의의 한계를 짚어보고자 한다.

Abstract

Has multilateralism been less relevant as an alternative to global governance in today’s international relations? This paper discusses its theoretical aspects and a newly emerging paradigm of mini-multilateralism as well as the limits of conventional multilateralism. The paper looks at diverse roots of social science theories as the foundations of mini-multilateralism, particularly the collective action theory of realism and cooperation theory of liberalism. The realist school understands the cooperative mechanism in international relations with the notions of hegemony and the k-group. These are to be compared to the liberal theory of minimal contributing set to find their differences. The paper also presents another perspective to regard mini-multilateralism as a club with cultural identities, and then argues that it is closely linked to strategic activities of great powers. More theoretical notions such as forum shopping, metagovernance, and plurilateralism are also to be introduced to discuss mini-multilateralism and its limitations.

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