기후위기와 생태사회주의 - 사이토 고헤이와 안드레아스 말름의 논의를 중심으로

Abstract

The climate crisis is threatening the future of mankind. At the heart of the climate crisis is the issue of global warming caused by greenhouse gases. To prevent the situation, the United Nations and countries have long sought solutions. The Paris Agreement, signed in 2016, is also one of the measures. The problem is that carbon dioxide emissions are increasing even after the Paris Agreement. Why is this happening? That's because it doesn't talk about capitalism. Japanese economist Saito Kohei and Swedish ecologist Andreas Malm argue that ecosocialism is a powerful solution to the climate crisis. Saito Kohei argues, "SDGs are modern opium." And in order to solve the current climate crisis, he argues that ① Ulrich Brandt should break away from the lifestyle he calls "imperial lifestyle", ② modern awareness of nature, and ③ ultimately, "richness" based on "degrowth" should be an important value. In addition to this, Saito Kohei argues that ecological "degrowth" should be accepted as the principle of individuals and society instead of capitalist "growth" centered on GDP. Unlike the Puritanism of the past, the reconstruction of "common" is the key to the ecosocialist "de-growth" Meanwhile, Andreas Malm argues that the current climate crisis can only be overcome by the strong power of the state or government. Behind this idea is the experience of the state's quarantine against the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, Malm is paying attention to President Trump's invocation of the Defense Material Production Act. When Trump invoked the bill, GM and Ford tried to use part of the production line to produce ventilators. In addition, during this period, fashion industries such as Prata, Armani, Yves Saint Laurent, and H&M used some of their manufacturing capabilities to produce medical work clothes, masks, and protective clothing, while some distilled liquor companies modified vodka and whiskey production lines to supply hand sanitizers. Malm also takes its model from Lenin-led "war communism," arguing that it would not be impossible to resolve the climate crisis if the state exercised such strong influence. In other words, in order to cope with the climate crisis, carbon dioxide generation must be drastically reduced in a short period of time, which can never be achieved in a gradual manner.