유럽연합(EU)의 대북정책: ‘비판적 포용정책’의 변화가능성에 관한 연구
The European Union's policy toward North Korea: A Study on the Possibility of Change of 'Critical Engagement Policy'
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The EU's policy toward North Korea, unlike the US's policy of proliferating stiffness in North Korea, pursued a ‘Critical Engagement Policy’ that demanded the improvement of North Korean society while complying with universal principles, unlike South Korea's engagement policy. In other words, the United States looks forward to actively reorganizing the international order in accordance with the rapidly changing international environment. And the EU shows a modest mix of contradictory values of North Korea cooperation and isolation. The North Korean crisis, most notably its nuclear and ballistic missile aspects, continues unabated, directly affecting the interests of EU and its population. A critical engagement policy that began in the late 2000s cannot be freed from the criticism of a partially failed policy. North Korea's nuclear and missile programs have progressed steadily, but the human rights situation in North Korea has not improved. At the same time, the role of arbitrators in EU member states in relation to the EU's diplomatic capacity has declined significantly. The main problem the EU and the EU member states face today is not a lack of resources or a lack of initiatives, but a lack of coordination. Therefore, the European Union needs to reconsider the interests of various actors in Europe, such as the EU Council, the Executive Committee, the European Parliament, and the EU member states, according to North Korea's policy at the multi-dimensional level. It is now necessary to renew this strategy at a pivotal moment, as a new European Commission takes office in 2020, the EU policy toward North Korea must be shifted from a critical engagement policy to a ‘multi-layered engagement policy’.
Abstract
The EU's policy toward North Korea, unlike the US's policy of proliferating stiffness in North Korea, pursued a ‘Critical Engagement Policy’ that demanded the improvement of North Korean society while complying with universal principles, unlike South Korea's engagement policy. In other words, the United States looks forward to actively reorganizing the international order in accordance with the rapidly changing international environment. And the EU shows a modest mix of contradictory values of North Korea cooperation and isolation. The North Korean crisis, most notably its nuclear and ballistic missile aspects, continues unabated, directly affecting the interests of EU and its population. A critical engagement policy that began in the late 2000s cannot be freed from the criticism of a partially failed policy. North Korea's nuclear and missile programs have progressed steadily, but the human rights situation in North Korea has not improved. At the same time, the role of arbitrators in EU member states in relation to the EU's diplomatic capacity has declined significantly. The main problem the EU and the EU member states face today is not a lack of resources or a lack of initiatives, but a lack of coordination. Therefore, the European Union needs to reconsider the interests of various actors in Europe, such as the EU Council, the Executive Committee, the European Parliament, and the EU member states, according to North Korea's policy at the multi-dimensional level. It is now necessary to renew this strategy at a pivotal moment, as a new European Commission takes office in 2020, the EU policy toward North Korea must be shifted from a critical engagement policy to a ‘multi-layered engagement policy’.
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