북한 체육정책을 통해 본 김정은 시대 취약계층 인권 연구

Abstract

The international community and South Korea have long raised concerns about human rights issues in North Korea and called for change in North Korea. This study focused on the social and cultural rights of vulnerable groups among the international community's raising of human rights issues against North Korea, and focused on how North Korea responded and changed. In particular, we confirmed policy responses to and changes in the social and cultural rights of North Korea's vulnerable classes (women, children, and the disabled), focusing on physical education, which has been a priority since Kim Jong-un took power. The main results are as follows: First, it is a response by establishing a legal system. As the international community continued to emphasize the suppression of social and cultural rights of vulnerable groups (women, children, and the disabled) in North Korea, North Korea enacted the “Women’s Rights Guarantee Act” in 2010, revised and supplemented it in 2011 and 2015, and established the “Children’s Rights Guarantee Act.” Enacted in 2010, amended and supplemented in 2014, 「Child Care and Education Act」 amended and supplemented in 2013, 「Childcare Act」 enacted in 2022, 「Protection of Persons with Disabilities Act」 amended and supplemented in 2013, 「Act on Guaranteeing the Rights of Persons with Disabilities」 enacted in 2023. It was enacted in response to issues raised by the international community. Second, there is a change in policy. After Kim Jong-un came to power, North Korea established national policies centered on the field of sports, which is apolitical and can produce rapid results. In particular, a new National Sports Guidance Committee related to the field of sports was established to appoint key people in power and quickly promote national policies. Sports policies were also promoted to promote the social and cultural rights of vulnerable groups. Representative examples include the promotion of the '3.8 Women's Day Festival' event for women, the promotion of a policy to praise female athletes, the encouragement of height growth sports activities for children and youth, and the promotion of youth sports competitions and competitions. We promoted policies to build facilities, establish childcare, treatment, and education systems for the disabled, and foster athletes. Third, there are changes in facilities. To ensure the social and cultural rights of vulnerable groups in North Korea, major social, cultural and sports convenience facilities were built and spaces for enjoyment were provided. Additionally, major recovery centers and schools were newly built and renovated to improve the welfare of the disabled. The main implication of this study is that as the international community continues to raise human rights issues against North Korea, North Korea continues to pursue efforts to comply with international human rights standards in the process of internationalization and globalization.