리걸테크와 법률서비스의 규율 - 일반인용 리걸테크 서비스에 관한 영미법계의 동향을 중심으로
Regulation of Legal Tech and Legal Services - Focusing on Trends in Common Law Jurisdictions Regarding Legal Tech Services for the General Public
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인공지능 기술의 급속한 발전에 힘입어 일반인을 대상으로 직접 맞춤형의 법적 조언을 제공하는 리걸테크 서비스가 기술적·상업적으로 가능해지면서, 비변호사의 법률사무 수행 금지, 비변호사의 변호사 고용 금지 및 변호사와의 동업이나 이익분배 금지에 바탕을 둔 기존의 법률시장 규제 대신 일반인의 사법접근권 향상을 위한 새로운 법률서비스 규율체계를 마련해야 할 필요도 커지고 있다. 이 글은 먼저, 영미법계에서의 리걸테크 발전과 그에 따른 법률시장의 변화 추세를 전반적으로 개관하고, 법률서비스 규율에 대한 전통적인 모델과 소비자 및 경쟁을 강조하는 새로운 모델의 이념적 배경과 특징을 살펴본다. 다음으로, 호주, 영국의 법률서비스 시장 규제개혁의 경과와 현황, 시사점을 검토한 후, 미국의 법률서비스 규제개혁 논의, 특히 규제개혁에 성공한 유타주 규제 샌드박스와 애리조나주 ABS 제도의 내용과 현황을 살펴본다. 나아가 미국에서의 일반 소비자 대상 리걸테크 서비스를 둘러싼 다양한 분쟁의 양상을 소개하고 검토한다. 끝으로, 이 글은 위와 같은 검토를 바탕으로 우리나라에서 일반 소비자 대상 리걸테크 법률서비스의 규율체계를 수립함에 있어 고려해야 할 원칙과 구체적인 고려요소, 바람직한 규율방향을 제시한다.
Abstract
With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence, the emergence of legal tech services capable of directly providing tailored legal advice to the general public has become technologically and commercially feasible. This development highlights the growing need for a new regulatory framework for legal services aimed at enhancing public access to justice, rather than relying on traditional regulations such as the prohibition of non-lawyers from practicing law, hiring lawyers, or sharing profits or partnerships with lawyers. This article first provides an overview of the development of legal tech and the resulting changes in the legal market within common law jurisdictions. It then examines the ideological foundations and characteristics of the traditional regulatory models for legal services and the newer models that emphasize consumer interests and competition. Subsequently, the article reviews the progress, current status, and implications of regulatory reforms in Australia and the United Kingdom. It also analyzes the regulatory reform discussions in the United States, focusing particularly on Utah's regulatory sandbox and Arizona's ABS (Alternative Business Structures) system, both of which have successfully implemented reforms. Furthermore, the article explores and evaluates various disputes surrounding legal tech services targeting general consumers in the U.S. Finally, based on this analysis, the article proposes principles, specific considerations, and desirable directions for establishing a regulatory framework for legal tech services for general consumers in South Korea.
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