특허심사기간이 특허무효심판 청구에 미치는 영향
The Effect of Examination Duration on Administrative Invalidation Trial Request
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특허심사는 기술혁신에 대한 유인을 제공하면서도 잘못된 대상에 특허를부여하여 발생할 수 있는 자중손실을 줄여야 하는 상충적인 기능을 달성하여야 한다. 이와 같이 상충되는 목표를 절충하여 선택할 수 있는 중요한 정책수단은 특허심사기간이다. 본 연구는 출원인의 심사청구기간과 특허청의심사기간이 무효심판청구에 미치는 영향을 862,782건의 한국특허청 특허 자료를 활용하여 분석하였다. 분석 결과 출원인의 심사청구기간이 1개월 증가할수록 무효심판이 청구될 확률이 3.82% 감소하며, 특허청의 심사기간이1개월 증가할수록 무효심판의 청구확률이 7.13% 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 출원인의 심사청구기간이 증가할수록 무효심판 청구확률이 감소한다는결과는 출원인이 전략적으로 행동하는 것이 아니라 기술적 불확실성에 대한자체 심사를 통해 심사청구를 연기한다는 것을 의미한다. 또한 특허청의 심사기간이 증가할수록 무효심판 청구확률이 감소한다는 결과는 특허청의 심사기간이 증가할수록 특허심사의 질이 높아진다는 것을 의미한다. 특허심사기간 단축이 무효심판청구 확률을 증가시킨다는 본 연구의 결과는 특허청이심사기간 단축만 추구하는 경우 무효심판청구가 증가하는 문제가 발생할 가능성이 있다는 점을 시사한다. 특허청은 심사기간을 결정할 때 단순히 출원인의 권리확보 용이성만 고려하여 신속한 심사를 추구하는 경우 사회적 자중손실이 발생할 수 있다는 점을 고려할 필요가 있다.
Abstract
Patent examination should persue two conflicting goals which are ‘promoting innovation’ and ‘reducing deadweight loss’ caused by invalidly granted patents. The policy instrument of patent office to harmonize counter-related goals is examination duration. This study empirically analyzed the effect of examination duration on the administrative invalidation trial with 866,782 patents registered in Korea Intellectual Property Office. The empirical results show that 1 month increase in the examination request lag is associated with the decrease in the probability of administrative invalidation trial request 3.82% and adding 1 month to the examination duration of examiner is associated with the decrease in the probability of administrative invalidation trial request 7.13%. The fact that deferred examination request is negatively related to the administrative invalidation trial implies that applicants defer examination request not to use patents strategically but to self-screen their application. Also, the negative relation of examination duration of examiner and administrative invalidation trial suggests that patent office should not simply accelerate examination considering the problems may caused by increased administrative invalidation trial.
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