한국 현대시에 나타난 유토피아 충동과 노스탤지어 연구―1930년대 후반기의 백석과 이용악 시를 중심으로―

Abstract

Baek Seok and Lee Yong-ak poetry have shown a passion for the Real which is manifested by utopian impulse and will to realize the ‘true hometown’. If Baek Seok’s poetry matches the lost hometown of childhood and the ‘true hometown’ as ‘Real’, the poem of Lee Yong-ak differs from that of the other ‘true hometown’ by the inconsistency of the two. Baek Seok establishes linguistic texture by designing the northen local village as the Pyongbuk dialect for an utopian space-time and he repeats the attempt to bring the feeling of fullness given by the hometown to reality. The lost hometown is positioned as the time and space of transcendental ideal through the spirit of restorative nostalgia. His wandering seems to be due to the fact that he misses his hometown in reality, but rather to maintain his own desire for his hometown without returning home. The lost hometown has a status as transcendental ideal ‘Real’, and the poetic subject proves its existence while wandering around the blank space. At this point, The subject moves toward a passive ‘Purification’ way of preserving the reality of ‘true hometown’ in which ‘I' is preserved by separating ‘me’ in a dichotomy of a lost hometown and a fallen ‘world’. The poetic subject of Lee Yong-ak poetry repeats leaving and returning to hometown to explore the possibility of a new hometown. Through the repetition of leaving and returning home, the poetic subject clearly recognizes that his hometown is a devastated place such as wasteland, and he recognizes that this hometown is an object to leave. The lost hometown is a place to overcome in the mindfulness of the reflective nostalgia and is determined as a past to be taken to plan a new hometown. His wanderings are to find a new hometown behind the lost hometown. Instead of his biological hometown, Lee Yong-ak finds the possibility of a true hometown in his lost spiritual hometown ‘Uragio’ and dreams of realizing it in colonial reality. Lee Yong-ak poetry talks about reflective nostalgia where the possibility of ‘true hometown’ lost in the past projects future and it appears in a way of moving from lost ‘hometown’ to ‘shining territory’.