발달장애인의 자기결정 개념, 그 의미와 오해 - 자기결정 척도개발을 위한 개념화 연구 -
Self-Determination of People with Developmental Disabilities: Concepts, Misunderstandings and Scale Development - The Conceptualization for Self-determination Scale Development -
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초록
본 연구는 발달장애인의 자기결정 척도개발을 위한 개념화연구로서, Schwarts와 Kim(1986, 2000)이제시한 개념분석 방법인 융합모형(hybrid model)분석을 이론적 분석틀로 활용하였다. 자기결정에 관한 다양한 선행연구 고찰로 도출된 주요개념(이론분석)들을 중심으로 발달장애인의 부모 및 실천현장 전문가들을 대상으로 하는 포커스 그룹 인터뷰를 실시하였고(현장분석), 이를 바탕으로 척도개발을 위한 하위차원들을 최종적으로 선정하였다(최종분석). 주요 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 먼저, 이론분석단계에서 발달장애인의 자기결정은 자율성, 심리적 역량강화, 자아실현, 자기조절 및 권리인식이라는 다섯 가지 주요 구성요소가 도출되었다. 또한 다섯 가지 구성요소들 간 역동적 관계성의가능성도 드러났다. 이는 현장분석단계에서도 대부분 일치하는 것으로 나타났으나, 포커스 그룹 인터뷰 내용을 반영하여, 자아실현은 자기이해로, 심리적 역량강화는 자아효능감으로, 자기조절은 맥락적 자기통제로, 그리고 자율성은 타협된 자율성으로 각각 용어를 수정할 필요성이 제기되었다. 이러한 연구결과는 발달장애인의 자기결정 척도를 개발하는 데 중요한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있는이론적인 함의가 존재한다.
Abstract
This study aims to conceptualize self-determination of people with developmental disabilities in order to develop a scale that measures their level of self-determination in the social work fields. This study employed a methodology designed as three phases including theoretical analysis, fieldwork and final analysis, following the Hybrid model suggested by Schwartz-Barcoot and Kim (1986, 2000). The results showed that self-determination of people with developmental disabilities is characterized by five main components such as autonomy, psychological empowerment, self-realization, self-regulation and awareness of their own rights. There is also possibility of dynamic relationship among all the components of self-determination of people with developmental disability. However, the results of fieldwork suggest that some terms and expressions should be modified. The findings provide theoretical implications that can be used as the important basis for developing the measurement scale of self-determination among people with developmental disabilities.
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