범죄 두려움에 대한 경찰 활동의 효과: 위계 모형 접근
The Effect of Police Activity on Fear of Crime: Hierarchical Model Approach
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초록
일반적인 범죄 두려움의 분석 연구는 주로 3가지 모형(범죄 피해 모형, 무질서 무형, 사회 통합 모형)을 통해 분석되어 왔다. 본 연구는 기존의 범죄 두려움의 검증 모형들과 함께 지역사회 경찰활동을 포함한 다양한 경찰 전략이 범죄 두려움에 미치는 영향력을 경험적으로 검증해 보고자 몇 가지 가설을 설정하여 연구를 시도하였다. 2006년 무작위로 선정된 대구 지역의 총 1,230명에 대한 설문조사에서 수집된 데이터를 이용한 위계선형 분석의 결과 범죄 피해 모형에서 성별, 범죄 피해 등은 일관적이고 강한 효과를 보여주고 있음을 발견하였다. 또한 연구 결과는 경찰 활동 모형 중에서는 전통적인 억제이론에서 도출한 경찰 순찰 가시성이 시민들의 범죄 두려움을 감소시킬 수 있는 중요한 경찰 전략이 될 수 있으며, 지역 사회 경찰활동 역시 지역 주민들의 범죄 두려움을 감소시킬 수 있는 중요한 경찰 활동임을 발견하였다. 거시적 수준에서 무질서 모형은 범죄 두려움에 별다른 영향력을 미치지 못하였지만, 지역 사회 통합 수준은 범죄 두려움 감소에 효과적인 영향을 미칠 수 있다는 결과 역시 발견되었다. 마지막으로 이 연구는 몇 가지 정책적 제안을 소개하고 있다.
Abstract
In general, the study of fear of crime was commonly analyzed in three influential models that include crime victimization model, disorder model, social integration model. With several hypotheses about police activity model, this study examined the effect of four models on fear of crime. On the basis of survey data on 1,230 randomly selected at Daegu, Hierarchical Linear model analysis found that the effects of gender and victimization experience are positively related with fear of crime. This study also found that police patrol presence originated from classic deterrence theory can decrease fear of crime among police activity variables. In addition, community policing strategies appear to demonstrate the impact of fear reduction. At macro level, while community disorder does not have any influence on fear of crime, social integration is negatively related with fear of crime. In conclusion, this study suggests several policy implications.
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