지역사회 경찰활동이 범죄두려움에 미치는 영향: 무질서 감소의 매개효과 측정
Effects of Community Policing on Fear of Crime: the Mediating Effect of Disorder
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초록
이 연구는 2006년도 한국범죄피해조사 자료를 통해 대한민국 사회구성원들의 범죄두려움과 그것의 설명요인을 알기 위해 여러 모델들을 검증하고자 하였다. 이 연구는 취약성모델, 무질서모델, 사회통합모델 그리고 지역사회경찰활동모델을 검증하고, 특별히 지역사회경찰활동모델의 직·간접적인 영향에 관심을 가졌다. 이 연구를 위하여 단순회귀분석, 다중회귀분석, 위계적회귀분석, 매개효과분석이 단계적으로 실시되었다. 연구결과, 무질서모델과 취약성모델이 가장 크게 지지되었고, 사회통합모델은 본 연구의 예측과는 반대로 지역구성원들의 친밀도 및 상호협조가 증가될 때 범죄두려움도 함께 증가되는 것으로 조사되어 유의미한 결과를 제시하지 못하였다. 지역사회 경찰활동모델은 다중회귀분석에서 다른 변수들과 함께 고려되었을 때 통계적 유의성이 다소 감소하여 크게 지지되지는 못하였다. 지역사회 경찰활동의 기본전제 및 선행연구의 검토를 통해 ‘지역사회 경찰활동은 무질서 감소를 매개로 하여 범죄두려움을 감소시킬 것’이라는 모델을 구성하고 검증하였으며, 물리적〮·사회적 무질서 감소를 매개로 하여 범죄두려움 감소에 직〮〮·간접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.
Abstract
This study verified several models to determine fear of crime and its causes among South Korean residents through the 2006 National Crime Victimization Survey. The study examined the vulnerability model, the disorder model, the social integration model, and the community policing model, with particular interest in the direct or indirect influence of community policing. Different types of regression analysis such as simple linear regression analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, hierarchical regression analysis, and mediated regression analysis are used for this study. The results of this study reveal the disorder model and the vulnerability model is most supported, but the social integration model is least supported because as social integration increases, fear of crime also increases contrary to the prediction of this study. The community policing model provides statistically significant results, but when other variables are considered and controlled the significance of the result decreases. Based on the underlying premise of community poling and the literature review, a new hypothesis whether community policing has a direct and indirect effect on fear of crime through physical and social disorder is examined. Results show community policing has a direct or indirect effect on fear of crime mediated by physical and social disorder.
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