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스페인 테러리즘 대응 입법과 한국에 주는 시사점

Spain’s Counter-Terrorism Legislation and Its Implications for South Korea

설진배|이호수
(사)위기관리이론과실천 (Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis)|2017.10|Crisisonomy|제13권 제10호|pp. 43-57|DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.14251/crisisonomy.2017.13.10.43

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형사소송법형법테러리즘스페인Spaincriminal codeterrorismcounter-terrorism테러리즘대응code of criminal procedure

초록

본 연구의 목적은 스페인의 테러리즘 대응 체계와 입법을 검토⋅분석하여 한국에서의 테러방지법 관련 논의에 시사점을 제공하는 것이다. 스페인의 테러리즘 대응 관련 입법의 주요 특징을 보면, 첫째, 테러리즘 관련 특별법이 없다. 9⋅11 테러 이후 서구의 주요 국가들이 테러방지법을 마련한 것과는 달리, 스페인은 형법이나 형사소송법 등의 법체계를 활용하여 테러리즘에 대응하고 있다. 둘째, 강력한 대응체계를 갖추고 있으며 국가경찰이 국내테러리즘 대응의 중추적 역할을 담당한다. 기존 대응체계를 통한 테러혐의자에 대한 엄격한 수사⋅체포⋅구금 등 국내테러리즘 격퇴 노력과 함께 국제 테러리즘과의 전쟁에도 적극 참여하고 있다. 셋째, 그러나 테러리즘 관련 특별법을 두고 있지 않음에도 불구하고, 테러방지법을 제정한 국가들에서와 마찬가지로 강력한 테러리즘 대응에 따른 인권침해 가능성이 존재한다는 비판이 제기되고 있다. 따라서 테러리즘 대응 입법과 관련하여 스페인은 효과적인 테러방지 및 테러발생 시 신속한 대응과 함께 인권존중의 고려라는 새로운 도전에 직면해 있다. 결론에서는 이러한 스페인의 사례가 한국에 주는 시사점을 논의하였다.

Abstract

This paper reviews the counter-terrorism systems and legislation in Spain and provides implications for discussion on anti-terrorism legislation in South Korea. Spain has a long history of internal political violence. It has developed the extensive counter-terrorism provisions and strategies in response to internal violence and established strict measures and system to combat terrorism. However, unlike most western countries, Spain has not adopted any specific counter-terrorism legislation. Instead, it has applied the existing legal regime to counter-terrorism. Nonetheless, there has been criticism that Spanish counter-terrorism provisions would infringe people’s basic human rights. Even though the need to prevent and combat terrorism is swiftly and effectively clear, it is important to implement counter-terrorism measures with full respect for human rights. In conclusion, the implications of the Spanish case for South Korea are discussed.

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