미국의 테러리즘 대응 입법 동향과 특징
A Study of Counter-Terrorism Legislation in the US
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본 연구의 목적은 미국의 테러리즘 대응 입법 과정과 테러리즘 대응법제의 특징을 분석함으로써 한국 테러리즘 대응법제에 시사점을 제공하는 것이다. 미국 테러리즘 대응법제의 특징은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 테러리즘대응 체제를 정비하였다. 둘째, 테러리즘의 개념을 확장하였다. 셋째, 테러리즘 수사권과 국가안보를 강화하였다. 넷째, 테러리즘 범죄에 대한 처벌을 강화하였다. 다섯째, 테러자금 대한 감시를 강화하였다. 여섯째, 범죄수사 정보의 공유체계를 수립하였다. 일곱째, 시민의 사생활 보호와 정보수집의 투명성을 강화하였다. 이처럼 미국 테러리즘 대응법제에서는 테러리즘 대응체계를 확립하고 테러리즘에 대한 강력한 대응으로 국가안보를 강화하면서도 시민의 사생활과 자유를 보호하고 정보수집의 투명성을 확보하고자 노력하고 있다. 이는 ‘어떻게 국가안보와 시민의 자유 보호를 절충할 것인가’와 관련하여 최근 테러방지법 입법화에 성공한 우리사회에 시사하는 바가 크다.
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to analyze counter-terrorism legislation in the US for the purpose of providing implications on the initiation of anti-terrorism act in Korea. The results of the analysis found the following characteristics of US counter-terrorism legislation. First, the government set up the national system for countering terrorism. Second, it expanded the concept of terrorism. Third, it strengthened the investigative powers pertaining to terrorist acts and national security. Fourth, it increased criminal penalties for terrorist. Fifth, it strengthened surveillance of terrorist funding. Sixth, it created a sharing mechanism for intelligence investigations of crimes. Seventh, it reinforced the protection of citizens and their privacy rights as well as transparency policies. As such, the US government has tried to strengthen national security as well as to protect the citizens' privacy rights through its counter-terrorism legislation. This shows that Korea, which recently enacted an anti-terrorism law, has much to consider regarding the question of how national security and human rights should be balanced.
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