소방 지휘훈련체계 개선방안에 대한 연구 - 영국 소방의 현장지휘기술(THINCS) 시스템 분석을 중심으로 -
A Study on Improvement Strategies for Incident Command Training System - Focusing on the Analysis of THe INcident Command Skills(THINCS) in UK Fire Service -
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초록
본 연구는 소방 현장지휘 훈련체계 개선방안을 제안하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 연구목적 달성을 위하여영국과 국내 지휘훈련 시스템을 비교분석하고 전·현직 지휘훈련기관 교관 및 운영요원, 평가관과 실제인증평가에 참여한 경험이 있는 소방공무원 등 전문가 10명과 토론식 인터뷰를 실시하였다. 지휘훈련체계 개선을 위해서는 먼저, 국내 현장지휘관을 위한 비기능적 기술의 개발을 통해 현장의 상황에 따라유기적으로 대응할 수 있는 인적 역량을 개발하고 이를 논의할 수 있는 용어를 제시해야 한다. 또한, 획일적 평가에서 벗어나 훈련상황에서 관찰된 역량을 중심으로 평가체계를 개편하고 역할별로 구분되어있는 현재의 지휘훈련을 통합하여 핵심역량을 개발할 수 있도록 하며 이를 단계적으로 강화하는 방향으로 제도를 개선해야 한다. 그리고, 평가관 사전교육의 통해 평가의 일관성과 획일성을 확보하는 한편, 가상환경(VR)에 대한 의존도를 낮추고 팀 또는 서단위에서 팀원들과 상시 훈련할 수 있는 체계를 구축하는 것이 필요하다.
Abstract
This study aims to propose improvement strategies for the incident command(IC) training system. To achieve the objective, a comparative analysis of IC training systems in the UK and Korea was conducted and the discussion-based interviews were carried out with the subject matter experts consisting of 10 current and former instructors, facilitators, raters, and firefighters with evaluation experience. For improvements in the IC training system, it is essential to first develop non-technical skills for domestic ICs that enable them to organically respond to on-site situations and to introduce terminology for discussing these capabilities. Additionally, moving away from uniform assessments, the evaluation system should be reformed to focus on capabilities observed during training sessions, and the current segmented command training should be integrated to strengthen core competencies in a phased enhancement of the system. Furthermore, through pre-education of raters, consistency and uniformity in evaluations should be ensured, while also establishing a system that reduces reliance on VR and enables team-or department-level continuous training.
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