민간항공 부기장 팔로워십 유형에 따른 CRM의 리더십 및 팀워크 스킬 역량 비교
Comparing Leadership and Teamwork Skills in CRM Competency Based on Civil Aviation First Officer’s Followership Type
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세계적으로 발생한 항공사고의 약 70%가 리더십, 의사소통, 팀워크, 의사결정과 같은 조종사의 인적요인문제와 관련되어 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 항공업계는 CRM(승무원 자원관리)을 도입하여운영하고 있다. 효과적인 CRM 운용을 위해서 조종사는 리더십과 팀워크, 의사소통, 문제해결 및 의사결정, 상황인식, 업무관리 등 5가지 스킬 역량을 갖추는 것이 중요하다. 이중에서도 리더십과 팀워크 스킬은기장의 리더십 한가지 만으로 이루어지지 않고 좋은 팔로워십의 특성이 결국 효과적 리더십을 발휘할수 있도록 하는 요소 중 하나이다. 팔로워십에는 실용주의형, 모범형 등 5가지 유형이 있다. 본 연구는이러한 팔로워십 유형들이 리더십과 팀워크 스킬 역량에 미치는 영향에는 차이가 있을 것으로 예측하고실험을 진행한 결과, 실용주의형 팔로워십 유형이 모법형 팔로워십 유형보다 리더십 및 팀워크 스킬역량에 더 도움이 되는 것을 파악하였다. 아울러, 실용주의형 팔로워십은 모범형 팔로워십 보다 의사소통스킬 역량이 다소 높은 경향성을 가진다는 것을 식별하였다.
Abstract
It has been observed that approximately 70% of aviation accidents are closely linked to human factors within the cockpit crew. To address this critical issue, the aviation industry has implemented CRM as an operational frameork. For the effective execution of CRM, it is vital for pilots to possess 5 non-technical skills. Among these, leadership and teamwork skills are crucial components, and it is not solely reliant on the captain's leadership but also influenced significantly by the quality of followership. Followership can be classified into various types, including pragmatic and exemplary followership, among others. This research hypothesized that these different followership types would have varying impacts on leadership and teamwork skill competency. The experimental results confirmed that the pragmatic followership was more conductive to enhancing leadership and teamwork skill competency compared to the exemplary followership. Furthermore, it was identified that pragmatic followership exhibited a slight tendency towards higher communication skill competencies in comparison to the exemplary followership.
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