북한 비핵화를 위한 미국의 대중(對中) 전략적 경쟁 접근 방향
Direction of the United States' Strategic Competition Approach toward China for the Denuclearization of North Korea
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그간의 북한 비핵화 노력이 도리어 핵무장과 핵 고도화로 돌아오고 있는 현실은 한미 양국에게 크나큰안보 위기이며, 북한 비핵화를 위한 근본적 해결 방안 모색은 한미 양국 모두에게 매우 중요한 위기관리노력 중 하나이다. 북한의 비핵화는 중국의 적극적인 대북 제재 참여가 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 미국의대중(對中) 전략적 경쟁 접근 방향에 대해 주목하였다. 미국과 중국이 바라보는 전략적 경쟁에 대한사고의 틀은 다르다. 미국은 ‘공존을 위한 협력’을 지향하는 ‘경쟁 스펙트럼(competition continuum)’으로전략적 경쟁을 바라보는 반면, 중국은 ‘이겨야 하는 싸움’의 관점인 ‘초한전(超限战)’의 시각으로 그것을바라본다. 이 때문에 중국은 북한의 비핵화를 위한 대북 제재가 곧 북한 정권의 붕괴이고, 북한 정권의붕괴가 곧 존망의 미-중 전략적 관계에서의 전략적 완충지대 상실이라는 사고의 경계를 벗어나지 못하고있다. 따라서 미국은 북한 비핵화를 둘러싼 미-중 전략적 경쟁 관계가 궁극적으로 경쟁 스펙트럼을통해 공존의 협력을 지향해야 한다는 점과, 대북 제재 과정에서 북한 정권이 붕괴하더라도 중국의 핵심이익과는 무관하다는 점에 대해 중국이 공감토록 설득할 필요가 있다.
Abstract
The reality that the efforts to denuclearize North Korea so far are returning to nuclear armament and nuclear advancement is a major security crisis for both South Korea and the United States, and finding a fundamental solution for North Korea's denuclearization is one of the most important crisis management efforts for both Korea and the United States. For this, it is important for China to actively participate in sanctions against North Korea, which can serve as leverage for it. In this study, we focused on the direction of the United States' approach to strategic competition with China. The framework of thinking about strategic competition between the United States and China is different. While the United States views strategic competition from the perspective of a 'competition continuum' aimed at 'cooperation for coexistence', China views it from the perspective of 'transfinite war', which is 'a fight that must be won'. Therefore, the United States needs to approach China's thinking framework and persuade China to agree with sanctions against North Korea.
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