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미중갈등 속 바이든 행정부의 대북정책 전망

Prospects for Biden Administration’s North Korea Policy Amid the U.S.-China Conflict

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주제분류정치외교학

초록

북한의 핵․미사일이 한반도를 넘어 국제사회의 안보위협으로 자리잡은 지 많은 시간이지났다. 이러한 북한위협의 완전한 해소를 위해 미국을 위시한 한국, 중국 등 한반도에 이해를 갖는 당사자들은 다양한 행태의 논의를 북한과 직․간접적으로 진행했다. 그러나 오늘날 사실상의 핵보유국으로 평가받고 있는 북한을 저지하는 데 실패했다. 새롭게 출범한바이든 행정부는 북한위협을 제거하고자 ‘신중하게 조정된 실용적 외교’를 추구하고 있다. 이를 위해 한국, 유엔 등 전통적 동맹․파트너와의 관계 강화에 나서고 있다. 또한 중국과의 잠재적 협력 가능성도 모색하고 있다. 다만 오늘날 심화 중인 미중갈등은 바이든 행정부 대북정책의 부정적 요소이다. 세력전이이론에 따라 중국은 잠재적 도전국가로 분석되며 미국과의 갈등 구도가 심화되는 추세에서 우호세력 확보에 적극적이다. 미국도 중국의 세력균형 시도를 저지하고자 동맹․파트너와의 협력 강화를 꾀하면서 갈등의 양상은 두국가에서 양 진영 간의 힘겨루기로 확대․심화되고 있다.

Abstract

North Korea's nuclear and intercontinental ballistic missile program has captured theinternational community's attention beyond the Korean peninsula and became an intensifiedthreat, eroding international security and order for several decades. To deliver a completeresolution to the threat from North Korea, countries with interest in the Korean peninsula,such as the U.S., South Korea, and China, have implemented various behavioral approacheswith North Korea. However, their efforts were unable to prevent North Korea frombecoming a de facto nuclear power state. The Biden administration is pursuing practicaldiplomacy based on calibrated approaches to neutralize threats from North Korea. It expectsto consolidate its relations with traditional allies and partners, such as South Korea and theUnited Nations, for a practical result while potentially seeking a cooperative opportunitywith China. However, the current conflict between the U.S. and China is a negative factor tothe newly proposed North Korea policy by the Biden Administration. By analyzing Chinavia the power transition theory, China can be categorized as a potential challenger to thecurrent order. As the conflict intensifies, China actively seeks to secure supportive states toresist pressure from the U.S. and challenge the existing order. Meanwhile, the U.S. is alsotrying to strengthen cooperation with allies and partners to hinder China's attempt to powerparity which undoubtedly turned the two countries' competition into a high-level, two-blocpower struggle.

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