여성경찰의 성별직무분리와 직무소외 연구
Examining the Effects of Gendered Job Segregation on Alienation among Korean Female Police Officers - A Structural Equation Approach -
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초록
본 연구는 여성경찰에 대한 성별직무분리 인식이 직무소외에 미치는 영향을 구조방정식 분석을 통해 검증하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 본 연구의 설문은 여성경찰관만을 대상(359명)으로 설문되었으며, 표본의 대표성을 가질 수 있게 전국단위의 설문이 이루어졌다. 본 연구는 주장으로만 나열되었던 성 고정관념에 대한 경험적 논의들을 미시적․거시적인 구분에 따라 구체적으로 측정하였는데 이 변수들은 수직적 성별직무분리, 수평적 성별직무분리, 육체적 성별직무분리, 정신적 성별직무분리 4개의 구분에 따라서 측정되었다. 또한 종속 변수의 경우, 경험적 증거들에 결과한 직무소외의 반응으로 예상되는 사회적 고립, 무력감, 무의미성, 자기 소원, 무규범성 등 5가지 항목을 선정하였으며, 통계적 기법을 활용하여 이를 증명하였다. 분석결과 성별직무분리의 인식이 직무소외감에 영향을 미치며 구조적인 측면에서 통계적으로 유의미한 결과를 나타냈다. 이에 따라 여성경찰이 경찰조직에서 전문경찰로 활동하기 위해서는 첫째, 성 편견에 대한 인식 개선 둘째, 평등한 기회의 증가 셋째, 업무 고려 시 차별이 아닌 배려적 성격의 문화형성이 선행되어야 할 것이다.
Abstract
Prior theory and research suggest that gendered job segregation can increase job alienation. However, the link between job segregation and alienation of female police officers has yet to be addressed. This study is designed to fill the void in this area by examining the effects of female police officer’s perception of gendered job segregation on alienations. This current study attempted to operationalize the latent constructs for independent (e.g., vertical-, horizontal-, physical-, and psychological- job segregation) and dependent variables (e.g., social isolation, powerlessness, meaningless, self-estrangement, and normlessness) to develop and test a structural equation model between female police officers’ perceived job segregation and alienation. Data from a sample of 359 female officers from police departments nationwide was analyzed by using the structural equation modeling analysis. The results indicate that female officer’s perceptions of gendered job segregation are related to those of job alienations. Implications for future research, theory, and policy are discussed.
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