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어두운 3요소 성격 측정 도구(SD3)의 타당화 연구 : ESEM과 DIF 분석을 중심으로

Validation of the Short Dark Triad(SD3) : Focused on ESEM and DIF

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초록

본 연구의 목적은 어두운 3요소 성격특성인 나르시시즘, 마키아벨리즘, 사이코패시를 측정하는 SD3의 타당화이다. 어두운 3요소 성격은 사회에 부정적 영향을 미치는 요소로 이를 간편하고 정확하게 측정할 수 있는 측정도구의 중요성이 대두됨에 따라 본 측정도구가 개발되었다. 따라서 국내 일반인을 대상으로 SD3를 타당화하고자 하였고 이를 위해 요인구조를 탐색하고 타당도를 검증하였다. 이후 SD3에 존재하는 성별집단에 따른 차별기능문항을 탐색하였다. 이를 위해 국내 일반인 504명을 대상으로 SD3를 분석하였으며 유사한 개념들을 측정하는 도구들과의 수렴 타당도를 검증하였다. 어두운 3요소 성격, 사이코패시, 마키아벨리즘, 나르시시즘을 측정하는 DD12, E-LSRP, Mach-Ⅳ, NPI-16를 준거 척도로 활용하였다. 그 결과 ‘마키아벨리즘’, ‘나르시시즘’, ‘사이코패시’의 3요인 구조가 적절한 것으로 나타났으며 준거척도와는 일부 영역을 제외하고 보통에서 높은 수준의 상관을 보였다. 성별집단에 따른 차별기능문항은 사이코패시 요인의 일부 문항에서 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 선행연구들의 한계를 보완하여 어두운 3요소 성격을 측정할 수 있는 신뢰로운 측정도구를 제시하였다는 데에 큰 의의를 가진다. 또한 성차에 기인한 어두운 3요소 성격 특성을 탐색하여 SD3의 활용가능성을 상승시켰다.

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to validate SD3 that measures Narcissism, Machiavellism, and Psychopathy, which are dark triad. The dark triad is a factor that negatively affects society. SD3 was developed as the importance of a measurement tool that can easily and accurately measure dark triad it emerged. Therefore, SD3 was intended to be validated for the community sample in Korea, and to this end, the factor structure was explored and the validity was verified. After that, the differential item function according to the gender group existing in SD3 were searched. To this end, SD3 was analyzed for 504 community sample in Korea, and the convergent validity with tools of measuring similar concepts was verified. DD12, E-LSRP, Mach-Ⅳ, and NPI-16 were used as reference scales to measure dark triad, Psychopathy, Machiavellism, and Narcissism. As a result, it was found that the three-factor structure of 'Machiavellism', 'Narcissism', and 'Psychopathy' was appropriate, and the reference scale showed a moderate to high level of correlation except for some areas. It was found that differential item function according to gender groups exist in some of the ‘Psychopathy’ factor. This study is of great significance in that it presented a reliable measurement tool that can measure the dark triad by supplementing the limitations of previous studies. Furthermore, the applicability of SD3 was increased by exploring dark triad due to gender differences.

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