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경찰의 독자적 수사권 행사에 대한 국민의 지지에 영향을 미치는 요인

The Determinants of Citizen’s Support for the Exercise of Independent Power and Authority in Police Investigation

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최근 검·경 수사권 조정 및 일련의 사건 처리 과정에서 드러난 국민의 경찰에 대한 불신을 해소하고 중차대한 수사구조의 변화에 대응하는 중장기적 전략을 체계적으로 수립하기 위해서는 전통적으로 중시해 오던 경찰활동의 효과성뿐만 아니라 최근 강조되는 절차적 공정성에 대한 인식을 어떻게 제고하고 이를 토대로 국민들의 자발적인 순응과 협조 및 지지를 이끌어낼 것인지에 대한 고민이 필수적이다. 이에 본 연구는 수도권에 거주하는 1,621명의 성인남녀를 대상으로 실시한 온라인 설문조사 결과를 이용하여 다중회귀분석과 경로분석을 통해 경찰활동에 대한 효과성과 절차적 공정성 인식이 경찰의 독자적인 수사권 행사라는 경찰 주요 시책의 지지에 미치는 영향을 분석하고, 경찰 신뢰가 이를 매개하는 효과를 검증하였다. 연구결과 효과성과 절차적 공정성 인식은 모두 경찰 신뢰도 및 경찰 독자적 수사권 행사에 대한 지지에 양(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고, 특히 절차적 공정성은 효과성보다 경찰 신뢰도에 더 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 드러났다. 또한 효과성은 경찰 신뢰를 완전 매개, 절차적 공정성은 경찰 신뢰를 부분 매개하여 경찰 수사권 지지에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 위 연구결과들을 통해 경찰이 향후 주요 추진시책에 대한 범국민적 신뢰와 지지를 확보하기 위해서는 효과성외에도 절차적 공정성에 대한 국민의 인식을 균형있게 제고할 필요가 있음을 제안하였다.

Abstract

To resolve the deep-seated public distrust and develop strategic plans to cope with the fundamental changes in the investigative structure, the police need to think about how to improve police legitimacy and secure voluntary compliance, cooperation, and support from the citizens. Drawing on the online survey of the adults residing in the capital areas of South Korea (n=1,621), this study conducted a multiple OLS regression and path analyses to explore the effect of police effectiveness and procedural fairness on the citizen’s support for the independent power and authority in police investigation, as well as the mediating effect of police trustworthiness. The results suggest that both effectiveness and procedural fairness are important predictors of police trustworthiness and support for the independent investigative power of the police. Interestingly, procedural fairness has a greater impact on the police trustworthiness than effectiveness as often observed in the studies conducted based on the Western developed countries. Also, police trustworthiness either fully or at least partially mediated the effect of both predictors on the outcome. These results imply that police need to put emphasis on not just the effectiveness for which the police have long strive, but also the procedural fairness that recently gaining attentions from both scholars and practitioners to better secure the citizen’s trust and support for the major policy goals the police seeks to achieve.

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