New Urbanism의 인간중심적 계획이념에 관한 연구
A Study on Anthropocentric Planning Principles of the New Urbanism
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초록
뉴어바니즘은 전통적인 도시개발방식을 변환시키고자 하는 하나의 새로운 움직임이라고 할 수 있다. 뉴어바니즘에는 도시구조적 또는 도시사회적 관점이 존재할 수 있지만, 두 개의 상이한 관점을 통합하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 인간중심의 뉴어바니즘의 목적은 혼합용도개발, 개발밀도의 상향, 보행도로 및 대중교통시설, 그리고 잘 연결된 도로 등을 통한 빈번한 사회적 접촉으로 이루어지는 사회적 통합이다. 혹자는 뉴어바니즘이 전통적인 개발패턴을 대체할 수 있는 대안이 아니라고 비판하고 있다. 그러나 이러한 시각은 단지 뉴어바니즘의 물리적, 경제적 관점에 치우쳐 있으며, 뉴어바니즘이 사회의 공동체의식을 함양하고 서로 다른 사회적 계층들의 혼합을 이루게 할 수 있다는 점을 간과하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 선행연구에서의 이러한 갭을 메우고자 하며, 추가적으로, 우리나라의 도시계획에 있어 도시공간의 변형을 통해 사회를 변화시킬 수 있다는 뉴어바니즘적 계획의 유용성을 제시하고자 하였다.
Abstract
New urbanism is a kind of new movement to reform the pattern of conventional urban development. Although there are urban structural and sociological aspects of new urbanism, integration of the two different views is most important. The purpose of human-centered new urbanism will be social mix through frequent social interaction which can be made using mixed land use, increase in development density, supplements of pedestrian road, public transit facilities, and well connected road. Some of scholars criticize that new urbanism is not a viable option to replace the traditional development pattern. However, this kind of view passes over substantial effects of new urbanism by only focussing on the physical and economic aspects of new urbanism. New urbanism makes it possible to raise sense of community and cause social mix of different social classes. This study seeks to bridge the gap of the previous studies. In addition, this study provides various examples of new urbanism through case studies of several American cities including Portland, and also of several Korean cities, which provide fruitful implication to urban policy makers.
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