지속가능한 근린주구 계획 - 에코빌리지, 어번빌리지, 뉴어버니즘 운동의 핵심개념 고찰 -

Abstract

This paper aims to analyze origins, key concepts, and criticisms of three SND movements (New Urbanism, Urban Village, Eco-Village Movements) and identify key planning and design objectives of future SND. Key research findings are as follows. First, the New Urbanism Movement is a top-down, designer led initiative for creating an pedestrian-friendly, mixed-use neighborhood having ‘good’ accessibility to a rapid public transit network. Although there is still some uncertainty as to the overall implementation of the 9 principles in actual projects and policies, nevertheless, the Movement provides a new vision for future SND in urban or suburban areas against existing low density urban sprawl. Second, the Urban Village Movement is a moderate top-down approach emphasizing the importance of public participation during the planning/design process to create a mixed-use, walkable, high quality urban neighborhood. Although there are some criticisms, the Movement has highlighted several design principles to prevent the negative effects of mono- cultural, segregated modern development and to create mixed-use, livable urban neighborhoods. The worldwide Eco-village Movement is a bottom-up approach to test new ideas, techniques and technologies in order to avert looming global, social and environmental crises, and to build environmentally-friendly SND. The extremely long periods necessary for planning, design, consultation and construction is, however, a major criticism of this approach. Nevertheless, the Movement highlights the effectiveness of a bottom-up approach in promoting public participation towards SND. Finally this research identifies seven key objectives of SND by analysing the three Movements’ key design concepts.