도시 지역 공동체 기반 환경보건 체계 연구: 뉴잉글랜드 도시 공동체의 사례를 중심으로
The Community-Based Environmental Health System in Urban Areas: The Case of the Urban Communities in New England
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오늘날 도시 지역은 환경성질병의 심각한 위험에 일상적으로 노출되어 있다. 이에 따라 환경정책의 패러다임도 환경이나 생태계 자체에 초점을 두는 전통적인 정책으로부터 환경오염과 건강문제의 관련성에 초점을 두는 환경보건 정책으로 확대되고 있다. 따라서 도시 지역 환경보건 정책의 기조는 그 대상이 되는 시민들에게 규제를 가하는 개념보다는 환경관리를 통한 보건 서비스를 분배하는 개념으로의 인식 전환에 기초하고 있다. 특히 도시 지역 보건 목적의 환경관리 업무는 지방에 관한 정보뿐만 아니라 지방공동체와의 협력이 전제되는 것이 환경보건 정책의 목적에 부합하는것이다. 본 연구는 이에 관한 논의를 위하여 미국 연방 환경청(EPA)이 뉴잉글랜드 지역의 주요 대도시에서 수행하고있는 도시환경프로그램(UEP)의 사례를 연구하였다. 이 프로그램의 본질적 가치는 도시환경의 악화로 인한 도시형 시민건강의 문제에 초점을 둔 협력적 거버넌스의 수행에 있다. 본 연구는 도시형 환경보건의 본질적인 문제를 기반으로미국 UEP의 사례를 분석함으로써, 도시 지역 환경보건 과제의 수행을 위한 유의한 시사점들을 찾고자 하였다. 결론적으로 도시 지역 보건 목적 환경관리의 성공적인 수행을 위한 핵심적인 요소는 정부의 선도적인 역할과 지방 공동체와의 파트너십 유지 및 지원 등이라는 점을 발견하였다.
Abstract
Urban areas are always exposed to the serious dangers of environmental diseases these days. Accordingly the paradigm of environmental policies has been expanded from the conventional environmental policy of focusing on the environment or ecosystem itself to the environmental health policy of focusing on the connection between environmental pollution and public health. The key points of urban environmental policies are based on the change of understanding from that of regulating those citizens concerned to that of distributing health services to them by means of environmental management. The tasks of environmental management for the purpose of public health would accord with the goals of environmental health policies when they assume the collaboration with local communities as well as the information on local settings. This paper studies the cases of the Urban Environmental Program (UEP) which the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has performed in the metropolitan cities of the New England Region. The essential value of this program lies in the performance of the collaborative governance focused on the issue of urban public health due to the deterioration of urban environment. This paper attempts to find some meaningful implications for the implementation of urban environmental health works by analyzing the UEP cases based on the fundamental problems of urban environmental health. In conclusion, it would be an essential element for the successful performance of the environmental management for the purpose of public health in urban areas that the government should take a leading role and maintain partnership with local communities and support to them.
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