檀君天王堂에서 三聖祠로, 그리고 평양 檀君廟 건립에 따른 폐치 논란

Abstract

The Samseong-sa Shrine(三聖祠) was the result of the two relocation of Tangun Heavenly King Shrine(檀君天王堂), and Hwanin(桓因) and Hwanung(桓雄) were enshrined with Tangun at this time. The names of Danin(檀因) and Danwung(檀雄) can also be interpreted in this regard. In the background, there was a relationship with Paeyeop-sa Temple. Here, Tangun Heavenly King Shrine in Daejeung-san Mountain existed before the foundation of Paeyeop-sa Temple, it was moved to a small peak below, and it was relocated to Sojeung-san Mountain making it Samseong-sa Shrine in end Silla to early Goryeo period. The State Ritual of Samseong-sa Shrine during the Goryeo period in 1386(12th of King Uwang) has been confirmed by Ra Gyeojong(羅繼從), who witnessed it in his capacity as chief of Euenwul(殷栗). He participated in the implementation of the annual rites of his friend, the official Ueom Yeok(嚴櫟) at Samseong-sa Shrine on September 19th, 1386. One can see that at this time, the enshrined images were those of the Three Gods, Danin, Danung, and Tangun, but during the Goryeo period, two to three public officials were appropriated to the post of priestly officer to perform the ritual as substitutes for the king every spring and fall. Just after the creation of Joseon, the disputed Tangun rites, part of the State Ritual, involved the enshrinement of Joseon Tangun(朝鮮檀君) of the First Founde dynasty(都始祖) in the capacity of the king ordered by heaven to create the nation(東方始受命之主). However, it was concluded that the Goguryeo ruler, King Dongmyeong, who had been enshrined at the Tangun-sa shrine(檀君祠) in a father/son relationship together with Tangun. This affected the conflicted relationship with Samseong-sa Shrine and the with officials originating from Munhwa County, but the capital of Tangun was decisively set in Pyeongyang with no room for debate. Subsequently, Lee Seonje(李先齊) directly quoted the Gogi record from Samguk-yusa to emphasize the historicity of Tangun’s place in Munhwa County, and he also suggested that a plague which was spreading throughout Hwanghae Province was caused by the transferring of the Samseong memorial tablet to Pyeongyang with the only way to stop the spread being its re-establishment on Mt. Guwol accompanied by the complete ritual offered to the Three Gods. While its official proposal could not be used at that precise time, in 1472, the Samseong-sa Shrine, together with the Tangun-sa Shrine in Pyeongyang, managed the State Ritual, applying the Ritual Ceremony for the Memorial Service of the Joseon Tangun(享朝鮮檀君儀), which adapted the Middle Sacrifice(中祀) to perform the ritual.