조선시대 ‘역대시조묘’에 대한 의례적 고찰

Abstract

This study focuses on researching how the perception about ‘the successive founders’ in Joseon Dynasty changed in terms of rites. The founder of Goryeo, Dangun, and Gija were the first founders who got attention out of the successive founders. However, since the ‘Heungmu Lee’ rebellion in 1394(Taejo 3), the next generation turned their focus only on Dangun and Gija. After that, in the 13th year of Taejo, they took different position from Goryeo Dynasty and set up the middle sized memorial ritual as the Chinese History after the Tang, and enshrined ancestral tablets respectively. Finally, in 1426(Sejong 8), the founders of Three Kingdoms were enshrined anew, which became the base of the various related regulations that were written in Orye in Sejong Sillok (Veritable Records of King Sejong), and Guljo Oryeui (Book on the Five Rites of State). However, Seongji Yang, in the era of Sejo, claimed to expand the range of ancestral tablets which memorial rituals were dedicated to further from Dangun, Gija, the founders of Three Kingdoms, and the founder of Goryeo. In 1461(Sejo 6), the King himself performed the memorial ritual going to the tombs of Dangun and the founder of Goryeo, and to Gijajeon. It was the first time in Joseon Dynasty that the memorial ritual was performed to the successive founders by the King, which never appeared again after Sejo. It was a trial to strengthen the sovereignty of Sejo. Meanwhile, the King changed the name of Uji Wang who lived in Gongju into Sunrye Wang and named ‘Sunguijeon’ for the shrine of the founder of Goryeo. Due to the perception of ‘the tombs of the successive founders’ which remained until 16th century, they used the term, ‘jeon’, only in the name of ‘Sunguijeon’ after 17th century. However, in the era of Gwanghaegun, Gijasa was renamed Sunginjeon, and the shrine of Dangun and Dongmyeongwang was named Sungryeongjeon. Samseongsa and Dangunsa in Pyeongyang became one of the shrines memorial ritual was dedicated to which were not included in early Joseon, It was in 1723 (Gyeongjong 3) when the shrine of Pakhyeokgeose, the founder of Shilla, was named Sungdeokjeon for the first time. In the first year of Yeongjo, the shrine of Gojumong, the founder of Goguryeo, was called Sungryeongjeon. It was in 1795 (Jeongjo 19) when Onjomyo, the tomb name of the founder of Baekje, was renamed Sungryeoljeon. While endowing all the private tombs of the successive founders with respective shrine name, they started to dispatch priests and government officials and perform memorial rituals.