동아시아 國家典禮書에 규정된 民間儀禮에 관한 고찰—品官과 庶人의 四禮 관련 儀注를 중심으로—

Abstract

This paper aims to investigate the composition, content, and evolution of civil ritual regulations in East Asian state liturgies. To this end, the relevant regulations in the Tang Dynasty’s Kaiyuanli, the Song Dynasty’s Zhenhewulixinyi, and the Ming Dynasty’s Mingjili were analyzed. As a result of the analysis, the Kaiyuanli targets only bureaucrats in the case of memorial service, and divides bureaucrats into three classes in the case of coming of age ceremonies, weddings, and funerals. Some rules for commoners are also recorded in the form of annotations, which are appended to the text. In some instances, the code cites texts from the Yili and Yegi and notes from the ZhengXuan, but otherwise there is no obvious similarity. The Zhenhewulixinyi is unique in that it eliminates the distinction between the ranks of bureaucrats and unifies them into a single category, and for the first time in a state liturgical book, it specifies the rituals of the commoners, except for memorial service. In general, the rules of the Kaiyuanli were used or adjusted, but codified to reflect the changing pace of the Song Dynasty. The Mingjili formally inherited the tradition of the Zhenhewulixinyi in that it presents the protocols of bureaucrats and commoners coming of age ceremonies, weddings, and funerals, except for memorial service, but in terms of content, it utilized the Kaiyuanli and Zhenhewulixinyi as well as the Family Ritual to synthesize them. Since Kukchooryeui is centered on Family Ritual, there are some parts that are identical to Mingjili, but there is no obvious similarity to Mingjili in the rest of the book. This shows that the civil rituals in the Kukchooryeui were codified in a different way from the Mingjili.