北宋時期 國家祭祀의 성격— 『太常因革禮』 ｢吉禮｣ 大祀를 중심으로 —

Abstract

Taichangyingeli(太常因革礼), a state ritual manual compiled during the Northern Song dynasty, presents a distinctive departure from contemporary state ritual texts such as Datangkaiyuanli(大唐开元礼) and Kaibaitongli(開寶通禮). Unlike earlier rites adhering strictly to Five Rites system, this text incorporates new sections, notably xinli(新禮), which features numerous Taoist ceremonies introduced under Emperor Zhenzong(眞宗). This integration reflects the emperor’s strategic effort to reinforce imperial authority by embedding Taoist symbolism and sanctity within official state rituals. Furthermore, miaoyi(廟議) section strengthens imperial ancestral rites, thereby emphasizing the legitimacy of the Song dynasty. The tian(天) and di(地) ceremonies uniquely fuse Confucian and Taoist deities, incorporating Taoist ritualistic elements into Confucian frameworks. Procedurally, ceremonies directly officiated by the emperor were conducted in a combined form, while those delegated to officials were separated to alleviate the emperor’s burden. Overall, Taichangyingeli(太常因革礼) maintains Confucian ritual form while actively utilizing Taoist elements to bolster imperial power, distinguishing itself from Datangkaiyuanli(大唐开元礼) that primarily focused on Confucian moral education and legitimacy.