『차라투스트라는 이렇게 말했다』에 나타난 니체의 교양교육론 탐색－니체의 후기 교양교육론을 중심으로

Abstract

After publishing his culminating thoughts in Thus Spoke Zarathustra and Beyond Good and Evil, Nietzsche wrote newprefaces for his earlier works such as The Birth of Tragedy and Human, All Too Human. In these prefaces, Nietzsche wassharply self-critical, not only of the content of his previous works but also of their logical development. Just as Nietzsche'stheory of art shifted from the early ‘artist-metaphysics’ to the later ‘physiological aesthetics’, it is likely that between hisearly and later theories of liberal education there are both continuities and differences. This paper aims to explore Nietzsche'slater theory of liberal education as implied in Thus Spoke Zarathustra, which reflects his mature thoughts. The researchfindings indicate that, unlike the early Nietzsche, who advocated a theory of liberal education based on the ‘metaphysicsof genius’ - teaching a select elite the ancient Greek culture in a manner that enforces obedience to the sovereign authorityof genius, the later Nietzsche proposed a theory of liberal education that focuses on the becoming Übermensch. This latertheory aims to educate the masses to overcome themselves, each finding their own path in solitude. This approach by thelater Nietzsche suggests the necessity of attempting a Bildung-oriented, perspective-oriented, and education-oriented liberaleducation in today's universities, which are dominated by academic-oriented or employment-oriented liberal education.