Nietzsche의 『짜라투스트라는 이렇게 말하였다』에 나타난 이상적인 교육자상 탐구
A Study on the Ideal Educator in Also Sprache Zarathustra by Nietzsche
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이 논문은 니이체 사상의 정수를 담고 있는 『짜라투스트라는 이렇게 말했다』에 나타난 이상적(理想的)인 교육자상(敎育者像)을 탐구하고 이것이 오늘날의 교원교육에 주는 시사점을 찾으려는데 목적이 있다. 니이체가 제시한 이상적인 교육자란 바로 짜라투스트라이다. 짜라투스트라는 예언자요, 지도자요, 시인이기도 하기만, 대중을 초인(超人)에게로 이끌어 가는 위대한 교육자이기도 하다. 교육자로서로서 그는 대중을 초인에게 이끌기 위한 독특하고도 독창적인 방법론을 제시한다. 그는 창조적이고 실존적인 삶을 방해하는 것을 거침없이 고발하고 폭로하도록 가르친다. 그는 창조적이고 실존적인 삶이 무엇인지를 가르치기보다는 학생이 그것을 스스로 체험하도록 안내한다. 니이체가 제시한 교육자의 모습은 시대를 앞서는 것이며 때론 파괴적이어서 위험하기도 하지만 오늘날 바람직한 교원문화를 저해하는 허무주의, 매너리즘, 권위주의, 현실도피주의를 초극할 수 있는 지적 통찰과 지혜를 던져 줄 수 있을 것이며 포스트모던시대의 바람직한 교육자상을 정립하는 데 중요한 시사를 던져줄 수 있을 것이다.
Abstract
The aim of this thesis is to investigate the Nietzsche's ideas on teacher in his philosophical work, Also Sprache Zarathustra, is to suggest some image of ideal educator that we must achieve in our schools based on his view of educator. Conclusions as follows: Firstly, Nietzsche described Zarathustra as ideal teacher or great educator in his major work, Also Sprache Zarathustra. Zarathustra is to predict the future, to command to people, but fundamentally to teach most ideal way of life. Furthermore, Zarathustra guides people to superman. According to Nietzsche, Zarathustra is not god, but active people to contrive to solve our existential problems. Zarathustra as educator is a person who experience three stages as follows: camel stage, lion stage, and child stage. As experience those stages, he grows gradually as truly ripe and mature educator. Secondly, as researching the main patterns of teaching of Zarathustra as teacher, I found that he possess following capacities or qualities. That is, he possess capacities of teaching for self-education, teaching for creative life, and teaching for existential life. Thus, Zarathustra is not teacher which teaches given knowledge or traditional curriculum, but guide to struggle with new problems in our world. He emphasize of importance of strong will, creative ideas, and existential awareness in educational situation. Thirdly, Zarathustra as educator is evaluated positively or negatively. Gordon admired Zarathustra as devoted, sensitive, and creative teacher. But Jenkins criticised him as non-liberal and non democratic. Cooper as philosopher examined two positions in detail, then concluded that we can only define Zarathustra as educator after investigating adequately Nietzsche's educational works written intermittently in his life. Nietzsche's idea or thought in Also Sprache Zarathustra will suggest the hope, vision, and courage to many school teachers in our society. Although including some difficult points, it provide with us new attitude to teaching methods.
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