17세기 초 퇴계학파의 향촌복구책과 향약 시행

Abstract

The Japanese invasion of 1592, which occurred in the 25th year of King Seonjo's reign, collapsed the rural order that Sarim had hoped to achieve. In particular, the Gyeongsang-do region was occupied by the Japanese military and was the main stage of the war. Before the Japanese army retreated in 1598, some areas such as Busan and Ulsan were under Japanese occupation. After the war, Gyeongsang-do Sajok strongly felt the need to rebuild their community. A significant portion of Gyeongsang-do was under occupation by the Japanese military for about a year after the war. After the Japanese army withdrew, public sentiment in the occupied areas was quite unstable. Immediately after recapturing the area, it was impossible to discuss what measures to take against those who were under Japaneses rule. Since the war was not yet over, this had to be postponed as later tasks. After the Japanese army completely withdrew in 1598, provincial records were rewritten in each region. It is thought that the implementation of Hyangyak(鄕約) in each region was not unrelated to these post-war processes. In many regions, including Andong, Yean, Sangju, Seongju, and Seonsan, voluntary armies emerged centered on local gentry(在地士族). Andong and Yean formed a united army and fought against the Japanese army, while Sangju, Seongju, and Seonsan formed small units and fought guerrilla warfare. Among the volunteer soldiers, those who survived until after the war gained considerable prestige due to their activities and military achievements during the war, and played an important role in the restoration after the war ended in 1598. Most of these people had considerable prestige in the local community even before the war, but their volunteer army activities served as an opportunity to strengthen their authority. After the war, they repaired Hyangan(鄕案) and implemented Hyangyak(鄕約). They attempted to carry out Dongyak(동약) together with the Hyangyak at distrct level, and at the same time implement Dongyak at the dong level of basic unit and Hyangyak at the distrct level. In the Yean, Andong, and Seonsan regions, Lee Hwang's Hyangyak was added or subtracted. In the case of Seongju, Jeong Gu took the lead and executed Hyangyak based on “Jujajeungson Yeossi Hyangyak”. The fact that Sarim in Gyeongsang Province gave priority to the implementation of Hyangyak after the war was closely related to the destruction of humanity that occurred during the war. They paid more attention to morally reconstructing the rural order.