자유의지와 노예의지, 그 분기점으로서 웨슬리의 선행은총론
Free Will or Bondage of the Will — Wesley’s “Prevenient Grace” Makes the Difference
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이 논문은 구원에 있어 신단동론을 가르친 마르틴 루터의 신학과하나님의 주권적 은총과 인간의 책임성을 함께 강조한 존 웨슬리의신학을 그들의 노예의지론과 자유의지론을 중심으로 비교한 후, 이러한차이를 가져오게 된 특징적 요소로서 웨슬리의 선행은총론의 개념및 원천, 웨슬리 신학 체계에서 차지하는 중요성을 연구하였다. 루터는 조직신학의 주요 주제들에서 구원을 위한 하나님의 자기충족성(신론), 그리스도의 의의 전가(기독론), 율법과 복음에 대한 깨달음으로서 성령의 계시(성령론), 이신칭의(구원론), 노예의지(인간론), 칭의에 기초한 이타적 삶(기독교윤리)을 가르침으로써, 중세 가톨릭의인간중심적 신학을 배격하고 신중심적 신학을 확립하고자 하였다. 이에비해 웨슬리는 하나님의 거룩한 사랑의 본성을 강조하는 신론, 순종으로이끄는 그리스도의 삼중직, 성결을 위한 성령의 능력부음, 사랑으로역사하는 믿음, 선택의 자유를 가진 인간, 성결과 행복의 목적론적윤리를 통해 신중심적 종교개혁 신학이 웨슬리에 의하면, 선행은총이란 하나님께서 우리를 구원으로 인도하시기 위하여 죄를 깨닫게 하는 은총, 칭의와 중생, 성결의 은혜를주실 때, 우리가 믿음으로 그 은혜들을 받아들이거나 혹은 거부할수 있는 선택의 능력의 회복일 뿐이다. 이미 받은 은혜에 대해서는감사와 순종으로 은혜를 지속할 것인지, 아니면 불순종과 교만으로받은 은혜를 상실할 것인지를 선택할 수 있는 능력이다. 따라서 웨슬리의선행은총은, 인간이 스스로의 능력으로 구원을 이룰 수 있게 하는은총이 아니라, 하나님께서 주시는 은총을 인간이 바르게 수용하고유지할 책임을 부여하는 은총일 뿐이다.
Abstract
This article compares and contrasts the theologies of MartinLuther and John Wesley, focusing on their respective teachingsof bondage of the will or of free will. Employing theocentricityas a prime motif for interpreting Luther’s theology, this articledemonstrates that Luther represented all aspects of God’sall-sufficiency, imputation of Christ’s righteousness, revelation bythe Holy Spirit, justification by faith, human beings with boundwill, Christians as saints and sinners, ethics based on justification,as countermeasures against the Catholic Church’s legalism. In hisown historical context, Wesley aimed to correct the ProtestantChurch’s antinomianism as well as the Catholic Church’s legalism. In all subjects of God’s works, the three offices of Christ,empowerment of the Holy Spirit, faith working through love, humanbeings with free will, ethics of sanctification, Wesley taught thathuman beings should respond properly toward God’s grace, onthe foundation of His grace already given.
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