하버마스 사상에 근거한 시민교육의 방향 : 인식관심, 공론장, 의사소통 합리성의 맥락과 의미
The Directions of Civic Education Based on Habermas's Thoughts : Contexts and Meanings of Knowledge Interests, Public Sphere, Communicative Rationality
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시민교육은 많은 내용을 포함하고 있지만 오히려 정체성 혼란을 겪고 있다. 그 이유 가운데 하나는 현대 사상의 흐름을 심도 있게 수용하지 못한 측면이 있다. 본 연구는 시민교육의 방향 정립을 위해서 사회철학자인 하버마스의 사상을 중심으로 살펴보았다. 하버마스 사상은 흐름상 ‘인식관심’, ‘공론장’, ‘의사소통 합리성’으로 접근하였다. 그 결과 시민교육의 근원으로서 ‘해방적 인식관심’이 강조되었고, 시민교육 자체를 일종의 공론장으로 간주할 수 있었다. 의사소통 합리성은 ‘학습과정으로서의 의사소통’을 제시하였다. 이를 통해 시민교육의 두 가지 방향이 제시되었다. 첫 번째 방향은 권력과 화폐를 매개로 하고 있는 체계에 대해 적극적인 교육활동을 통해 사회 균형을 도모하는 것이었다. 두 번째 방향은 인성, 사회, 문화로 이루어진 생활세계의 안정적 보존과 창출을 위해 시민교육의 기저를 이루어 가는 것이었다.
Abstract
The civic deucation of today covers too general topics not finding its proper way. In addition, social theory or philosophy related to it has not been being sufficiently considered as in-depth study of the direction. This study was to reestablish it with the nomentum of Habermas's theories. They are classified into three dimensions; knowledge interests, public sphere, and communicative rationality. This study was focused on grasping the core of three dimensions and the relations among them and combining the direction of civic education with these themes. First, according to knowledge interests, emancipatory knowledge interests became roots of civic education. Critical methods and community based on this revitalized who and how a civic education develops. Secondly, communicative rationality built up comprehensive background of civic education as learning process. This process pursued the mutual understanding and truth as public agreement into the ideal speech situation to cultivate the communicative competence through validity claims in lifeworld. Lastly, civic education might be regarded as a public sphere and had two directions; the offensive and the defensive. The fomer focused to attack the system consisted of administrative state and economic organization for the balance of system and lifeworld, while the latter emphasized the preservation and creation of lifeworld composed of personality, society, and culture.
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