유럽연합 가입 이후 발트 3국의 여론 변화에 관한 연구
A Study on the Variations of Public Opinion of Baltic Countries After Joining the EU
0
조회
0
다운로드
5
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
이 글은 2004년 국민들로부터 전폭적인 지지를 받으며 유럽연합에 가입한 신생회원국들인 발트 3국의 유럽연합에 대한 여론을 상호 비교해보기 위한 것이다. 발트 3국은 나토에 가입한 이후 안보 문제를 해결하고 유럽연합에 가입함으로써 경제발전을 이룩할 수 있었다. 최근 유럽연합 회원국들 사이에서는 유럽통합에 대한 지지가 감소함으로써 유럽회의주의가 증가하고 있는 반면, 신생회원국인 중동부유럽 국가들 사이에서는 유럽통합에 대한 지지가 상대적으로 높은 것으로 나타나고 있다. 이 연구는 발트 3국의 여론은 이러한 유럽적 현상이나 중동부유럽 국가들의 여론과 어떠한 차이를 보이는가를 검토해 보기 위한 것이다. 따라서 이 연구는 2001년부터 2010년까지 유로바로미터에 나타난 여론을 통해서 발트 3국 시민들의 유럽연합에 대한 태도와 입장을 추적하였다. 연구의 결과 이들 발트 3국의 여론은 유럽연합 가입 이후 급격히 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 지지 감소의 원인은 정치, 경제, 정체성 등 어느 한 가지로 설명하기 어려운 측면이 있음이 나타났다. 발트 3국의 여론이 보여주듯이 신생회원국들의 유럽통합에 대한 지지의 정도는 향후 유럽연합의 확대 문제에서 의미 있는 시사점을 제공해 줄 것이라 생각된다.
Abstract
This study is to compare the public opinion of the three Baltic countries that have joined the EU with utmost support from their citizens in 2004. Three Baltic countries could secure their security with joining the NATO and accomplish economic development with joining the EU. Recently, while Europeans tend to withdraw their support to european integration, in Central and Eastern European Countries the public support is relatively high respect to the western part of the European Union. Examining the Eurobarometer from 2001 to 2010, this study tried to verify if the public opinion of the Baltic countries towards the European integration shows difference with that of West European Countries or other Central and Eastern European countries. This research shows that the public support of the three Baltic countries towards has drastically decreased after joining the EU. According to the result of this research, we can arrive at tentative conclusions. Firstly, though they have similar cultural identity they show different support to the EU. If we remind that the EU provided lots of financial support to these countries, it is evident that public support to the EU is not caused just by economic grounds. Secondly, it is also difficult to explain the public support of these countries with russian identity that they have.
참고문헌 (36)
- 김영술, "발트 해 지역의 글로컬라이제이션에 관한 연구:한자동맹을 중심으로", EU연구, (30), pp.203~248 (2012), EU연구소
- 박광수, "발트3국의 경제발전과 성장요인 분석", 유럽연구, 27(1), pp.115~141 (2009), 한국유럽학회
- 유의정, "발트- 계속되는 경제 호조", 국제지역정보 (2005), 한국외국어대학교 국제지역연구센터
- 유의정, "발트해 국가들- 유코스 사태 속에서도 지속적인 경제성장", 국제지역정보 (2004), 한국외국어대학교 국제지역연구센터
- Carey, Sean, "In Europe, but not Europeans: The Impact of National Identity on Public Support for the European Union", Paper prepared for presentation at the 29th Joint Sessions of the European Consortium for Political Research (ECPR), Grenoble. France. as part of the workshop on “National Identity in Europe”. (2000)
- Cichowski, Rachel A, "Western Dreams, Eastern Realities: Support for the European Union in Central and Eastern Europe", Comparative Political Studies, 33 (2000)
- Christin, T, "Referendums and Citizen Support for European Integration", Comparative Political Studies, 35, pp.586~612 (2002)
- Deflem, Mathieu, "The Myth of Postnational Identity: Popular Support for European Unification", Social Forces, 75(1), pp.119~143 (1996)
- Ehin, Piret, "Determinants of public support for EU membership: Data from the Baltic countries", European Journal of Political Search, 40, pp.31~56 (2001)
- Eichenberg, Richard C., "Europeans and the European Community: The Dynamics of Public Support for European Integration", International Organization, 47(4), pp.507~534 (1993)
- Eichenberga, Richard C., "Post-Maastricht Blues: The Transformation of Citizen Support for European Integration 1973–2004", Acta Politica, 42, pp.128~152 (2004)
- Feldman, Gregory, "The European-ness of Estonia's Ethnic Integration Policy: Nation, Culture, and Security in an Applicant State", Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 16(2) (2003)
- Gabel, Mattew, "Public Support for European Integration: An Empirical Test of Five Theories", The Journal of Politics, 60(2), pp.333~354 (1998)
- Gabel, Matthew, "Economic Conditions, Economic Perceptions, and Public Support for European Integration", Political Behavior, 19(1), pp.81~96 (1997)
- Herd, Graeme P, "‘Societal Security’, the Baltic States and EU Integration", Cooperation and Conflict, 36 (2001)
- Hubel, Helmut, "The Baltic Sea Subregion after Dual Enlargement", Cooperation and Conflict, 39 (2004)
- Hooghe, Liesbet, "Does Identity or Economic Rationality Drive Public Opinion on European Integration?", Political Science and Politics, 37(3) (2004)
- Inglehart, Ronald, "Public Opinion and Regional Integration", International Organization, 24(4), pp.764~795 (1970)
- James, Steve, "Baltic states vote reluctantly to join European Union", World Socialist Web Site, ~
- Keiser, Urban, "The Baltic States as members of the European Union", Seminar paper (2004), University of Latvia
- Kostadinova, Tatiana, "East European Public Support for NATO Membership: Fears and Aspirations", Journal of Peace Research, 37(2) (2000)
- Kuus, Merje, "European Integration in Identity Narratives in Estonia: A Quest for Security", Journal of Peace Research, 39(1) (2009)
- The Baltic States' Integration into the European Division of Labour, "Laaser, Claus-Friedrich", Kiel Institute for World Economics, ~, pp.Kiel Working Paper. No. 1234 (2004)
- Lamoreaux, Jeremy W, "The Baltic States As 'Small States': Negotiating the 'East' By Engaging the 'West'", Journal of Baltic States, 39(1) (2008)
- Lindberg, Leon L., "Europe's Would-be Polity" (1970), Prentice-Hall International Inc
- McLaren, Lauren M., "Public Support for the European Union: Cost", Benefit Analysis or Perceived Cultural Threat?, 2002, pp.64(2), 551~566
- McLaren, Lauren M, "Opposition to European integration and fear of loss of national identity: Debunking a basic assumption regarding hostility to the integration project", European Journal of Political Research, 43, pp.895~911 (2004)
- Melnikas, Borisas, "Integration Process in the Baltic Region: The New Forum of Regional Transformations in the European Union", Engineering Economics, 5(60), pp.54~64 (2008)
- Miniotaite, Grazina, "Convergent Geography and Divergent Identities: A Decade of Transformation in the Baltic States", Cambridge of International Affairs, 16(2) (2003)
- Pavlovaite, Inga, "Being European by Joining Europe: Accession and Identity Politics in Lithuania", Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 16(2) (2003)
- Raik, Kristi, "EU Accession of Central and Eastern European Countries: Democracy and Integration as Conflicting Logics", East European Politics & Societies, 18 (2004)
- Rohrschneider, Robert, "Political Parties, Public Opinion and European Integration in Post-Communist Countries", European Union Politics, 17(1) (2006)
- "Strategic Guidelines of Lithuania's European Union Policy for 2008-2013. More Europe in Lithuania and more Lithuania in Europe!", ~
- Vaubel, Roland, "The public choice analysis of European integration: A survey", European Journal of Polic\tical Economy, 10, pp.227~249 (1994)
- Vetik, Raivo, "Elite vs. People? Eurosceptic Public Opinion in Estonia", Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 16(2) (2003)
- Baltic States Membership in the WEU and NATO: Links, Problems and Perspectives, Final Report for Mato-EAPC Research Fellowship 1998-2000, "Vilpisauskas, Ramunas", 1~28 (2000)