조선시대 『海東諸國紀』와 『和國志』를 통해 본 일본의 표상

Abstract

This paper looked into the Joseon people's idea of the Japanese emblem centering on Shin Sook-ju's Haedongjekookki(海東諸國紀) and Won jung-ker's Hwakukji(和國志) among the records of personal experiences of the chronicle of Tongshinsa, diplomatic delegation's doings during the Joseon period. This paper used these two records for analysis subject, because these records were written for the purpose of the understanding of Japan and these were used as comprehensive texts for the understanding of Japan afterwards. The major purposes of the relation with Japan during the Shin sook-ju's period were suppressing Japanese pirates and making a friendly relationship with Japan. Therefore, the main contents of Haedongjekookki included the establishment of friendly relationship with Japan by understanding Japanese plundering habits. Shin Sook-ju put an emphasis on a good neighbor policy without losing fidelity while treating Japanese people with courtesy. He said "Joseon has to tighten the discipline by straightening up the old examples and reception regulations because of the incidences of habitual disagreement due to their infinite greed. Shin Sook-ju put Joseon's amity with Japan as a top priority just like the will he left to King Seongjong. Won Joong-ker's Hwakookji, as its title says. was a kind of Nipponkookji which introduced the whole aspects of Japan. Hwakookji includes a variety of statements covering a total of 76 fields in a massive volume, such as its history, war history, politics, economy, society, culture, and industry, etc. Won Joong-ker argued that Joseon should be alert to Japan because it is an enemy country which had bad precedents of invading several places of Joseon and for more effective Joseon's alertness to Japan, Joseon should accurately grasp the real aspects of Japan. Nevertheless, Won joong-ker tried to understand Japan in terms of culture relativism and rarely expressed his view of Japan as a barbarous tribe or consciousness of superiority over Japan. Won joong-ker' book has a similarity with Shin Sook-ju'book in this point and it is judged that it has an obvious distinctive quality considering that other records basically have a sense of belittlement on Japanese culture and people in term of the idea of respecting China and expelling barbarous tribes. All these two records had a perspective of culture relativism, but failed to perceive Japan as "a partner for co-existence." That meant Japan was still a butt of alertness and grudge against their plundering and invasion without any specific differences between the early and late Joseon. Afterwards, even the advocates of practical science who were influenced by Won joong-ker failed to derive the image of Japan as a partner for co-existence, and the relations between Korean and Japan again turned into hostile relations of aggression and non-aggression, ending up setting into a gloomy era. Entering upon the 21st century, both countries put emphasis on co-partnership triggered by the 2002 World Cup co-hosted by Korea and Japan; however, insofar as both countries fail to share 「the experience and history of co-existence」, the future of the Korea-Japan relations cannot be said to be so promising as one expects.