正史에 나타난 劍術에 대한 見解와 外來劍術의 導入
Study on the introduction process of foreign swordsmanship appeared on the history books
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초록
우리나라의 많은 검도 단체들이 일본의 검술도 신라시대 화랑이 전해준 것이라며 근대에 일본에서 발생한 죽도를 사용한 검도의 역사를화랑에다 끌어다 붙이곤 한다. 과거 가야시대의 검이 한반도와 일본에서 발견되는 점을 놓고 보면 분명 일본에 금속과 칼을 전해준 것은 한반도의 가야인 또는 삼국의 인물들이었을 것이다. 그러나 그 시대의 칼과 劍術을 현대의 日本刀나 日本劍術과 같다고 여기는 것은 민족주의시각에서 바라보는 한낱 ‘我田引水’식 자세일 뿐이다. 방대한 양보다는그 객관성 때문에 세계기록문화유산으로 등재된 조선왕조실록과 이를뒷받침 해주고 있는 史書인 승정원일기를 살펴보면, 宣祖대에 조선에는 전래되는 검술도 없었고 검술을 수련하는 사람도 없었음이 명확하게 나타나고 있다. 임진왜란이라는 전쟁을 겪으면서 검술의 필요성을느끼게 되었고 선조를 비롯한 몇몇 대신들의 노력에 의해 명나라 浙江兵과 川兵의 검술을 받아들이고, 倭의 검술을 받아들이지만 전쟁이 끝나고 몇 대를 지나면서 전쟁 중 받아들인 검술은 다시 잊혀졌다. 肅宗대에 이르러 무관 柳赫然을 비롯한 무관과 문관들에 의해 조선통신사를 통해 왜검술이 도입되고, 謝恩使를 통해 청나라의 검술을 배우고자하는 모습을 알 수 있다.
Abstract
Many swordsmanship related organizations in Korea assert that Japanese swordsmanship was passed down by Hwarang warriors in the age of the Silla Dynasty. They explain the history of Japanese swordsmanship which uses bamboo sword in linkage with Hwarang warrior of our country Of course, from the viewpoint of historic sentiment, we can accept the inference that metal culture including sword might have been passed down from the Korean Peninsula to Japan in the age of the Gaya or the three Kingdoms as the relics of metal weapons with same shapes were discovered simultaneously in the Korean Peninsula and Japan. It is, however, too much to predicate that swords and swordsmanship at that time are the same as modern Japanese swords and Japanese swordsmanship. It is the evils of nationalistic perception like interpreting to our own advantage. When we review the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty and the daily records of royal secretariat of the Joseon Dynasty, we can neither find any records on swordsmanship which was passed down to other country nor find any persons who practiced the swordsmanship already in the age of King Seonjo of the Joseon Dynasty. The two history books were registered as World Record Heritage, and the main reason for the registration was their objectivity of records rather than their vast quantity. At that time the government of Joseon Dynasty already realized the importance of swordsmanship from military point of view experiencing Japanese Invasion of Korea which started in 1592. Therefore several minister level officials including King Seonjo advocated the introduction of the swordsmanship of Zhejiang Soldiers and Qian Soldiers of Ming Dynasty. And at that time they accepted even the swordsmanship of Japan which was enemy country. As the battle finished and time passed several generations after the battle, the swordsmanship was forgotten again. And in the age of King Sookjong, military official Yoo Hyuk-Yon and a couple of civil officials introduced swordsmanship again through the trip of Korean delegation to Japan, and also the government of Joseon Dynasty tried to learn the swordsmanship of Qing Dynasty as well. As such swordsmanships of Japan and China were imported at the age of Joseon but we could not find any record on swordsmanship ever since the book of "Moo-ye-do-bo-tong-ji" published at the age of King Jeonjo.